Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4)
Registration No. 333-142203

PROSPECTUS

LOGO

OFFER TO EXCHANGE ALL

6  3 / 4 % SENIOR NOTES

DUE 2017

OF

GREIF, INC.

 

THE EXCHANGE OFFER WILL EXPIRE AT 5:00 PM

NEW YORK CITY TIME, ON JUNE 7, 2007, UNLESS EXTENDED

TERMS OF THE EXCHANGE OFFER:

 

 

 

We are offering to exchange $300,000,000 aggregate principal amount of registered 6  3 / 4 % Senior Notes for all of the original unregistered 6  3 / 4 % Senior Notes due 2017 that were originally issued on February 9, 2007.

 

   

The terms of the exchange notes will be identical to the original notes, except for transfer restrictions, the obligation to pay additional interest if we fail to register the exchange notes and complete this exchange offer as required, and registration rights relating to the original notes.

 

   

You may withdraw tendered outstanding original notes at any time prior to the expiration of the exchange offer.

 

   

The exchange of outstanding original notes will not be a taxable exchange for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

   

We will not receive any proceeds from the exchange offer.

 

   

There is no existing market for the exchange notes to be issued, and we do not intend to apply for their listing on any securities exchange or arrange for them to be quoted on any quotation system.

See the section entitled “Description of Notes” that begins on page 70 for more information about the notes to be issued in this exchange offer.

Each broker-dealer that receives exchange notes for its own account pursuant to the exchange offer must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such exchange notes. The letter of transmittal states that by so acknowledging and by delivering a prospectus, a broker-dealer will not be deemed to admit that it is an “underwriter” within the meaning of the Securities Act. This prospectus, as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, may be used by a broker-dealer in connection with resales of exchange notes received in exchange for outstanding original notes where such outstanding original notes were acquired by such broker-dealer as a result of market-making activities or other trading activities. We have agreed that, starting on the expiration date of the exchange offer and ending on the close of business one year after the expiration date of the exchange offer, we will make this prospectus available to any broker-dealer for use in connection with any such resales. See “Plan of Distribution.”

This investment involves risks. See the section entitled “ Risk Factors ” that begins on page 13 for a discussion of the risks that you should consider prior to tendering your outstanding original notes in the exchange.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

This prospectus is dated May 9, 2007.


 

       Page

Important Terms Used in this Prospectus

   1

Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference

   1

Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

   2

Prospectus Summary

   3

Risk Factors

   13

Use of Proceeds

   20

Capitalization

   21

Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data

   22

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   23

Business

   46

Management

   54

Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions

   57

Description of Revolving Credit Facility and Other Financing Arrangements

   57

The Exchange Offer

   60

Description of Notes

   70

Book-Entry, Delivery and Forms

   86

Certain United States Federal Tax Consequences

   89

Certain ERISA Considerations

   93

Plan of Distribution

   94

Where You Can Find More Information

   94

Legal Matters

   95

Experts

   95

Index to Financial Statements

   F-1


IMPORTANT TERMS USED IN THIS PROSPECTUS

Unless the context indicates or otherwise requires, the terms “Greif,” “our Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” as used in this prospectus refer to Greif, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE

We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any additional documents filed by us with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), to the extent such documents are deemed “filed” for purposes of the Exchange Act, until we complete our offering of the exchange notes:

 

   

our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended January 31, 2007

 

   

our current report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on March 2, 2007;

 

   

our current report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on February 15, 2007;

 

   

our definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A as filed with the SEC on February 2, 2007;

 

   

our current report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on January 25, 2007; and

 

   

our current report on Form 8-K as filed with the SEC on January 16, 2007.

Any statement contained in this prospectus or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this prospectus to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or in any other subsequently filed document which also is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference herein modifies or supersedes such statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus. You can obtain any of the documents incorporated by reference through us, the SEC or the SEC’s website. Documents we have incorporated by reference are available from us without charge, excluding exhibits to those documents unless we have specifically incorporated by reference such exhibits in this prospectus. Any person, including any beneficial owner, to whom this prospectus is delivered, may obtain the documents we have incorporated by reference in, but not delivered with, this prospectus by requesting them by telephone or in writing at the following address:

Greif, Inc.

425 Winter Road

Delaware, Ohio 43015

Attention: Corporate Secretary

(740) 549-6000

When we refer to this prospectus, we mean not only this prospectus but also any documents which are incorporated or deemed to be incorporated in this prospectus by reference. You should rely only on the information incorporated by reference or provided in this prospectus or any supplement. We have not authorized anyone else to provide you with different information. This prospectus is used to offer and sell the exchange notes referred to in this prospectus, and only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of the date of this prospectus.

 

1


DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

All statements other than statements of historical facts included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, including, without limitation, statements regarding our future financial position, business strategy, budgets, projected costs, goals and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “project,” “believe,” “continue” or “target” or the negative thereof or variations thereon or similar terminology. Forward-looking statements speak only as the date the statements were made. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in forward-looking statements have a reasonable basis, we can give no assurance that these expectations will prove to be correct. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations are disclosed under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus, including, without limitation, the factors set forth below and in conjunction with the forward-looking statements included in this document.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations include the following:

 

   

general economic and business conditions, including a prolonged or substantial economic downturn;

 

   

foreign currency fluctuations and devaluations;

 

   

political instability in those foreign countries where we manufacture and sell our products;

 

   

intense industry competition;

 

   

changing trends and demands in the industries in which we compete, including industry over-capacity;

 

   

availability and costs of raw materials for the manufacture of our products, particularly steel and resin;

 

   

price fluctuations and shortages with respect to our energy needs to produce our products;

 

   

costs associated with litigation or claims against us pertaining to environmental, safety and health, product liability and other matters;

 

   

our ability to implement our business and growth strategies and to maintain and enhance our competitive strengths; and

 

   

other risks detailed from time to time in our reports filed with the SEC.

All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements included in this prospectus. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed in this prospectus may not occur.

 

2


PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

The following summary highlights some of the information from this prospectus and does not contain all the information that is important to you. Before deciding to participate in the exchange offer, you should read the entire prospectus, including the section entitled “Risk Factors” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes. Some statements in this Prospectus Summary are forward-looking statements. See “Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

The Company

General

We are a leading global producer of industrial packaging products with manufacturing facilities located in over 40 countries. We offer a comprehensive line of industrial packaging products, such as steel, fibre and plastic drums, intermediate bulk containers, closure systems for industrial packaging products, and polycarbonate water bottles, which are complemented with a variety of value-added services, including blending, packaging, logistics and warehousing. We also produce containerboard, corrugated products and multiwall bags for niche markets in North America. We sell timber to third parties from our timber properties in the southeastern United States that we manage to maximize long-term value. We also sell, from time to time, timberland and special use land, which consists of surplus land, higher and better use (“HBU”), and development land. We also own timber properties in Canada that we do not actively manage. Our customers range from Fortune 500 companies to medium and small-sized companies in a cross section of industries.

In 2003, we began a transformation to become a leaner, more market-focused/performance-driven company, a transformation to what we call the “Greif Business System.” We believe the Greif Business System has and will continue to generate productivity improvements and achieve permanent cost reductions. The Greif Business System continues to focus on opportunities such as improved labor productivity, material yield and other manufacturing efficiencies, along with further plant consolidations. In addition, as part of the Greif Business System, we have implemented a strategic sourcing initiative to more effectively leverage our global spending and lay the foundation for a world-class sourcing and supply chain capability.

For 2006, we had consolidated net sales of $2.6 billion, operating profit of $246.2 million and operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges and timberland gains, of $238.1 million, and during this same period, we generated approximately 41% of our consolidated net sales from markets outside of North America. For the three-month period ended January 31, 2007, we had consolidated net sales of $750.8 million, operating profit of $58.6 million and operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges and timberland gains, of $60.6 million, and during this same period, we generated approximately 43% of our consolidated net sales from markets outside of North America. For 2006, our Industrial Packaging & Services segment represented 74% of consolidated net sales, our Paper, Packing & Services segment represented 25% of consolidated net sales and our Timber segment represented 1% of consolidated net sales.

Industrial Packaging & Services

We are a global provider of a full range of industrial packaging products and services. Based on our internal estimates, we believe that we have the following global market positions for our industrial packaging products:

 

Product

   Global Market Position

Steel drums

   #1

Fibre drums

   #1

Closure systems

   #1

Plastic drums

   #2

Intermediate bulk containers

   #4

 

 

3


We seek to provide complete packaging solutions to our customers by offering a comprehensive range of products and services on a global basis. Our full range of packaging products and numerous manufacturing facilities uniquely position us to offer our customers a single source for their packaging needs, respond to global market changes, and capitalize on faster growing markets such as Eastern Europe and Asia. With increasing customer demand for container life-cycle management, we also offer packaging services that include blending, packaging, logistics and warehousing. We sell our products globally to customers in industries such as chemicals, paints and pigments, food and beverage, petroleum, industrial coatings, agricultural, pharmaceutical and mineral, among others.

In this segment for 2006, net sales were $1.9 billion, operating profit was $139.0 million and operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges, was $163.1 million, and for the three-month period ended January 31, 2007, net sales were $581.7 million, operating profit was $34.9 million and operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges, was $36.1 million.

Paper, Packaging & Services

We concentrate on providing value-added, higher-margin corrugated products to niche markets complemented by a comprehensive range of packaging services, in comparison to many large paper companies which focus on high-volume, commodity production. We are also a regional producer of containerboard and corrugated sheets. Our highly integrated operations help stabilize the results of this business. In 2006, our corrugated sheet and fibre drum operations consumed an amount of containerboard in excess of 100% of the containerboard tons produced by our two mills.

We sell our containerboard, corrugated sheets and other corrugated products and multiwall bags to customers in North America in the packaging, automotive, food, and building products industries, among others. Our corrugated container products are used to ship such diverse products as home appliances, small machinery, grocery products, building products, automotive components, books and furniture. Our industrial and consumer multiwall bags are used to ship a wide range of industrial and consumer products primarily for the agricultural, chemical, building products and food industries.

In this segment for 2006, net sales were $668.0 million, operating profit was $55.2 million and operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges, was $64.4 million, and for the three-month period ended January 31, 2007, net sales were $164.8 million, operating profit was $17.2 million and operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges, was $18.0 million.

Timber

As of January 31, 2007, we owned approximately 265,800 acres of timber properties in the southeastern United States. In the Timber segment, we focus on the active harvesting and regeneration of our United States timber properties to achieve sustainable long-term yields. While timber sales are subject to fluctuations, we seek to maintain a consistent cutting schedule, within the limits of market and weather conditions. We also sell, from time to time, timberland and special use land, which consists of surplus, HBU and development land. As of January 31, 2007, we estimated that there were 62,250 acres in Canada and the United States of special use property, which will be available for sale in the next five to seven years.

In this segment for 2006, net sales were $15.1 million, operating profit was $51.9 million and operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges and timberland gains, was $10.6 million (including $4.6 million of profits on special use property sales). Timberland gains were $41.3 in 2006. In this segment for the three-month period ended January 31, 2007, net sales were $4.2 million, operating profit was $6.6 million and operating profit before the impact of restructuring charges and timberland gains was $6.5 million (including $4.7 million of profits on special use property sales). Timberland gains were $0.1 million for the three-month period ended January 31, 2007.

 

 

4


Competitive Strengths

Leading Market Position . We are a leading global producer of a comprehensive line of industrial packaging products. We believe that we are the largest global producer of steel drums, fibre drums, and closure systems, and we hold leading global market positions in the production of plastic drums and intermediate bulk containers.

Global Presence . We have facilities in over 40 countries and generated approximately 41% of our consolidated net sales from markets outside North America for 2006. Our global presence provides us with access to faster growing foreign markets; insulates us from economic downturns in any one country or region; enables us to respond to our customers’ changing needs; offers us the flexibility to shift resources in response to changes in global or regional conditions; and allows us to effectively service multinational customers. Our size and global reach enable us to realize economies of scale and cost savings by consolidating our purchasing, sales and marketing efforts.

Comprehensive Portfolio of Product Lines . We offer a comprehensive portfolio of product lines in our Industrial Packaging & Services and our Paper, Packaging & Services segments, which enables us to offer our customers a single source for their packaging needs and to be responsive to global market changes. We have also developed numerous specialty products and applications for our corrugated products customers in our Paper, Packaging & Services segment. Our ability to tailor our products and services to our customers’ needs allows us to develop strong, long-term customer relationships and enhances profitability.

Experienced Management Team . We have a very experienced and strong management team that has successfully managed our operations during various industry cycles. This experience facilitated our growth in recent years through the acquisition of Van Leer Industrial Packaging and other recent acquisitions and joint ventures and their successful integration into our existing operations. This team has successfully implemented the Greif Business System, which we believe has transformed us into a leaner, more market-focused/performance-driven company. Our management is currently implementing a strategic sourcing initiative to more effectively leverage our global spending and lay the foundation for a world-class sourcing and supply chain capability.

Diverse and Multinational Customer Base . We have developed longstanding relationships with prominent customers such as BASF Corporation, Bayer Corporation, BP p.l.c., Chevron, The Dow Chemical Company, Exxon Mobil Corporation, ICI Industries and Royal Dutch Shell Group. These large multinational corporations represent a range of industries, which we believe creates a strong, stable revenue source for our products and services. Moreover, we do not depend upon any one particular customer, as our ten largest customers accounted for less than 20% of our net sales in 2006.

Significant Operating Leverage . We believe our existing facilities have sufficient capacity to meet future growth in market demand for our products without significant capital expenditures. We believe we are positioned to profitably capitalize on an increase in demand which would result from an economic recovery.

Business Strategy

We plan to build on our strengths by continuing to develop products and services that represent comprehensive packaging solutions for our customers. In addition, we intend to enhance our profitability by continuing to rationalize our operations, capitalize on our global resources and focus on high-margin products and services, as well as making targeted synergistic acquisitions when the opportunity is presented.

 

 

5


Our business segment strategies are as follows:

Industrial Packaging & Services

 

   

Optimize and institutionalize the Greif Business System in our core businesses to achieve top quartile profitability

 

   

Pursue value added strategies

 

   

Continue roll-up of industrial packaging market

 

   

Pursue geographic and core product opportunities in emerging markets

 

   

Focus on core business with limited exploration of adjacencies

Paper, Packaging & Services

 

   

Continue to provide distinctive, value-added corrugated packaging and services

 

   

Extend product expertise into specialty product offerings

 

   

Expand sales in multiwall bag business in targeted industry segments

 

   

Maintain cost-effectiveness and reliability of our containerboard mills and corrugated operations

 

   

Continue to implement the Greif Business System

Timber

 

   

Maintain long-term focus on pine timberland

 

   

Grow future value through intensive management and regeneration

 

   

Maximize value of timber properties through development or sale of special use land

Additional Information About Our Company

Greif, Inc. is a Delaware corporation. Our principal executive offices are located at 425 Winter Road, Delaware, Ohio 43015. The telephone number of our executive offices is (740) 549-6000.

 

 

6


The Exchange Offer

The summary below describes the principal terms of the exchange notes. Certain of the terms and conditions described below are subject to important limitations and exceptions. The “Description of Notes” section of this prospectus contains a more detailed description of the terms and conditions of the notes.

 


The Initial Offering of Notes

On February 9, 2007, we issued in a private placement $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6  3 / 4 % Senior Notes due 2017 (the “original notes”) to the initial purchasers. The initial purchasers subsequently resold the original notes to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act and to persons outside the United States under Regulation S.

 

Registration Rights Agreement

Contemporaneously with the initial sale of the original notes, we entered into a registration rights agreement with the initial purchasers in which we agreed, among other things, to file a registration statement with the SEC and to complete an exchange offer as promptly as possible. This exchange offer is intended to satisfy those rights set forth in the registration rights agreement. After the exchange offer is complete, you will not have any further rights under the registration rights agreement, including the right to require us to register any original notes that you do not exchange or to pay you liquidated damages.

 

The Exchange Offer

We are offering to exchange $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 6  3 / 4 % Senior Notes due 2017 (the “exchange notes”), which have been registered under the Securities Act, for the same aggregate principal amount of the original notes.

 

 

The terms of the exchange notes will be identical to the terms of the original notes for which they are being exchanged, except for transfer restrictions, the obligation to pay additional interest if we fail to register the exchange notes and complete this exchange offer as required, and registration rights relating to the original notes.

 

 

The original notes may be tendered only in $1,000 increments. We will exchange the applicable exchange notes for all original notes that are validly tendered and not withdrawn prior to the expiration of the exchange offer. We will cause the exchange to be effected promptly after the expiration of the exchange offer.

 

 

The new registered exchange notes will evidence the same debt as the old original notes and will be issued under and entitled to the benefits of the same indenture that governs the old original notes. Holders of the original notes do not have any appraisal or dissenter rights in connection with the exchange offer. Because we have registered the exchange notes, the exchange notes will not be subject to transfer restrictions and holders of original notes will have no registration rights.

 

If You Fail to Exchange Your Outstanding Original Notes

If you do not exchange your original notes for exchange notes in the exchange offer, you will continue to be subject to the restrictions on transfer provided in the original notes and indenture governing those

 

 

7


 

notes. In general, you may not offer or sell your original notes unless they are registered under the federal securities laws or are sold in a transaction exempt from or not subject to the registration requirements of the federal securities laws and applicable state securities laws.

 

Procedures for Tendering Notes

If you wish to tender your original notes for exchange notes, you must:

 

 

•     complete and sign the enclosed letter of transmittal by following the related instructions, and

 

   

send the letter of transmittal, as directed in the instructions, together with any other required documents, to the exchange agent either (1) with the original notes to be tendered, or (2) in compliance with the specified procedures for guaranteed delivery of the original notes.

 

 

Brokers, dealers, commercial banks, trust companies and other nominees may also effect tenders by book-entry transfer.

 

 

Please do not send your letter of transmittal or certificates representing your original notes to us. Those documents should be sent only to the exchange agent. Questions regarding how to tender and requests for information should be directed to the exchange agent. See “The Exchange Offer—Exchange Agent.”

 

Resale of the Exchange Notes

Except as provided below, we believe that the exchange notes may be offered for resale, resold and otherwise transferred by you without compliance with the registration and prospectus delivery provisions of the Securities Act provided that:

 

   

the exchange notes are being acquired in the ordinary course of business,

 

   

you are not participating, do not intend to participate, and have no arrangement or understanding with any person to participate in the distribution of the exchange notes issued to you in the exchange offer,

 

   

you are not an affiliate of ours,

 

   

you are not a broker-dealer tendering original notes acquired directly from us for your account, and

 

   

you are not prohibited by law or any policy of the SEC from participating in the exchange offer.

 

 

Our belief is based on interpretations by the staff of the SEC, as set forth in no-action letters issued to third parties unrelated to us. The staff of the SEC has not considered this exchange offer in the context of a no-action letter, and we cannot assure you that the Staff would make similar determinations with respect to this exchange offer. If any of these conditions are not satisfied (or if our belief is not accurate) and you transfer any exchange notes issued to you in the

 

 

8


 

exchange offer without delivering a resale prospectus meeting the requirements of the Securities Act or without an exemption from registration of your exchange notes from those requirements, you may incur liability under the Securities Act. We will not assume, nor will we indemnify you against, any such liability.

 

 

Each broker-dealer that receives exchange notes for its own account in exchange for original notes, where the original notes were acquired by such broker-dealer as a result of market-making or other trading activities, must acknowledge that it will deliver a prospectus in connection with any resale of such exchange notes. See “Plan of Distribution.”

 

Record Date

We mailed this prospectus and the related offer documents to the registered holders of the original notes on May 9, 2007.

 

Expiration Date

The exchange offer will expire at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on June 7, 2007, unless we decide to extend the expiration date.

 

Conditions to the Exchange Offer

The exchange offer is subject to customary conditions, including that the exchange offer not violate applicable law or any applicable interpretation of the staff of the SEC. The exchange offer is not conditioned upon any minimum principal amount of the outstanding notes being tendered.

 

Exchange Agent

U.S. Bank National Association is serving as exchange agent for the exchange offer.

 

Special Procedures for Beneficial Owners

If your original notes are registered in the name of a broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee, we urge you to contact that person promptly if you wish to tender your original notes pursuant to this exchange offer. See “The Exchange Offer—Procedures for Tendering.”

 

Withdrawal Rights

You may withdraw the tender of your original notes at any time before the expiration date of the exchange offer by delivering a written notice of your withdrawal to the exchange agent. You must follow the withdrawal procedures as described under the heading “The Exchange Offer—Withdrawal of Tenders.”

 

Federal Income Tax Considerations

The exchange of original notes for the exchange notes in the exchange offer should not be a taxable event for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

Use of Proceeds

We will not receive any proceeds from the issuance of the exchange notes pursuant to the exchange offer. We will pay all of our expenses incident to the exchange offer.

 

 

9


The Exchange Notes

The form and terms of the exchange notes are the same as the form and terms of the original notes for which they are being exchanged, except that the exchange notes will be registered under the Securities Act. As a result, the exchange notes will not bear legends restricting their transfer and will not have provisions providing for the benefit of the registration rights or the obligation to pay additional interest because of our failure to register the exchange notes and complete this exchange offer as required. The exchange notes represent the same debt as the original notes for which they are being exchanged. Both the original notes and the exchange notes are governed by the same indenture. We use the term “notes” in this prospectus to collectively refer to the original notes and the exchange notes.

 

Issuer

Greif, Inc.

 

Securities Offered

$300,000,000 aggregate principal amount of 6  3 / 4 % senior notes due 2017.

 

Maturity

February 1, 2017.

 

Interest Rate

6  3 / 4 % per year.

 

Interest Payment Dates

February 1 and August 1, beginning on August 1, 2007. Interest will accrue from February 9, 2007.

 

Ranking

The exchange notes will be senior unsecured obligations and will rank pari passu to our existing and future senior indebtedness, and senior to all existing and future subordinated indebtedness. As of January 31, 2007, after giving pro forma effect the issuance of the original notes and the application of the net proceeds therefrom, we estimate that we and our subsidiaries would have had $795.3 million of debt, excluding approximately $109.0 million that we would have had available for borrowing under our revolving credit facility.

 

Guarantees

On the issue date, the exchange notes will not have the benefit of any guarantees from our subsidiaries. If, after the issue date, any of our debt (excluding our revolving credit facility) has the benefit of guarantees from any of our subsidiaries, then we will cause such subsidiaries to unconditionally guarantee the exchange notes on a senior basis.

 

Optional Redemption

We may redeem some or all of the exchange notes at any time at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the exchange notes redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date plus the applicable premium described in this prospectus.

 

 

10


Change of Control Offer

If we experience a change in control, we must give holders of the exchange notes the opportunity to sell us their notes at 101% of their face amount, plus accrued interest.

 

 

We might not be able to pay you the required price for exchange notes you present to us at the time of a change of control, because:

 

   

we might not have enough funds at that time; or

 

   

the terms of our revolving credit facility may prevent us from paying you.

 

Certain Indenture Provisions

The indenture governing the exchange notes will contain covenants limiting:

 

   

our (and most or all of our subsidiaries’) ability to create liens on our assets to secure debt;

 

   

our (and most or all of our subsidiaries’) ability to enter into sale and leaseback transactions; and

 

   

our ability to merge or consolidate with another company.

 

 

11


Summary Historical Consolidated Financial Data

The following table sets forth summary consolidated financial data and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

   

As of and for the years

ended October 31,

    As of and for the three
months ended
January 31,
 
    2002     2003     2004     2005     2006     2006     2007  
    (U.S. Dollars in thousands)  

Statement of Operations Data:

             

Net sales

  $ 1,632,767     $ 1,916,441     $ 2,209,282     $ 2,424,297     $ 2,628,475     $ 582,316     $ 750,759  

Cost of products sold

    1,296,952       1,570,891       1,836,432       2,033,510       2,149,271       492,644       620,673  
                                                       

Gross Profit

    335,815       345,550       372,850       390,787       479,204       89,672       130,086  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

    250,756       228,120       218,821       224,729       259,122       59,454       74,609  

Restructuring charges

    2,824       60,743       54,118       35,736       33,238       5,468       2,037  

Gain on sale of timberland

    12,122       5,577       7,514       56,268       41,302       31,569       62  

Gain on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, net

    6,800       3,092       1,281       5,343       18,017       1,642       5,139  
                                                       

Operating Profit

    101,157       65,356       108,706       191,933       246,163       57,961       58,641  

Interest expense, net

    55,965       52,834       45,264       39,255       35,993       9,173       12,034  

Debt extinguishment charge

    10,300       —         —         2,828       —         —         —    

Other income (expense), net

    1,037       1,293       328       2,405       (2,299 )     (393 )     (736 )
                                                       

Income before income tax expense and equity in earnings of affiliates and minority interests and cumulative effect in change in accounting principle

    35,929       13,815       63,770       152,255       207,871       48,395       45,871  

Income tax expense

    12.934       4,255       15,624       47,055       63,816       14,954       11,559  

Equity in earnings of affiliates and minority interests

    7,984       (4,886 )     (377 )     (544 )     (1,936 )     (89 )     (333 )
                                                       

Income before cumulative effect of change in account principle

    30,979       4,674       47,769       104,656       142,119       33,352       33,979  

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

    —         4,822       —         —         —         —         —    
                                                       

Net income

  $ 30,979     $ 9,496     $ 47,769     $ 104,656     $ 142,119     $ 33,352     $ 33,979  
                                                       

Selected Financial Data:

             

Capital expenditures

  $ 45,664     $ 61,144     $ 50,163     $ 67,842     $ 75,630     $ 12,559     $ 34,303  

Ratio of earnings to fixed charges

    1.6 x     1.3 x     2.3 x     4.6 x     6.4 x     6.0 x     4.7 x

Balance Sheet Data (at end of period):

             

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 25,396     $ 49,767     $ 38,109     $ 122,411     $ 187,101     $ 115,421     $ 78,470  

Working capital

    228,249       271,139       175,464       242,968       301,738       276,092       279,615  

Total assets

    1,758,295       1,816,259       1,813,238       1,883,323       2,188,001       1,915,460       2,524,372  

Long-term debt, including current portion of long-term debt

    632,982       646,067       457,415       430,400       481,408       457,442       772,300  

Total stockholders’ equity

    569,129       572,564       629,094       730,888       844,011       759,154       867,541  

 

 

12


RISK FACTORS

Prospective participants in the exchange offer should carefully consider all of the information contained in this prospectus, including the risks and uncertainties described below. The risk factors set forth below (with the exception of the first risk factor) are generally applicable to the original notes as well as the exchange notes.

Risk Factors Associated with the Exchange Offer

If you fail to follow the exchange offer procedures, your notes will not be accepted for exchange.

We will not accept your original notes for exchange if you do not follow the exchange offer procedures. We will issue exchange notes as part of this exchange offer only after timely receipt of your original notes, properly completed and duly executed letter of transmittal and all other required documents. Therefore, if you want to tender your original notes, please allow sufficient time to ensure timely delivery. If we do not receive your original notes, letter of transmittal, and all other required documents by the expiration date of the exchange offer, or you do not otherwise comply with the guaranteed delivery procedures for tendering your original notes, we will not accept your original notes for exchange. We are under no duty to give notification of defects or irregularities with respect to the tenders of original notes for exchange. If there are defects or irregularities with respect to your tender of original notes, we will not accept your original notes for exchange unless we decide in our sole discretion to waive such defects or irregularities.

If you fail to exchange your original notes for exchange notes, they will continue to be subject to the existing transfer restrictions and you may not be able to sell them.

We did not register the original notes, nor do we intend to do so following the exchange offer. Original notes that are not tendered will therefore continue to be subject to the existing transfer restrictions and may be transferred only in limited circumstances under the securities laws. As a result, if you hold original notes after the exchange offer, you may not be able to sell them. To the extent any original notes are tendered and accepted in the exchange offer, the trading market, if any, for the original notes that remain outstanding after the exchange offer may be adversely affected due to a reduction in market liquidity.

Because there is no public market for the exchange notes, you may not be able to resell them.

The exchange notes will be registered under the Securities Act but will constitute a new issue of securities with no established trading market, and there can be no assurance as to the liquidity of any trading market that may develop; the ability of holders to sell their exchange notes; or the price at which the holders will be able to sell their exchange notes.

We understand that certain of the initial purchasers presently intend to make a market in the exchange notes. However, they are not obligated to do so, and any market-making activity with respect to the exchange notes may be discontinued at any time without notice. In addition, any market-making activity will be subject to the limits imposed by the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and may be limited during the exchange offer or the pendency of an applicable shelf registration statement. There can be no assurance that an active market will exist for the exchange notes or that any trading market that does develop will be liquid.

Risk Factors Related to Investment in the Exchange Notes

Our substantial debt could adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under the exchange notes. This debt could also adversely affect our operating flexibility and put us at a competitive disadvantage.

We have a substantial amount of debt. As of January 31, 2007, after giving pro forma effect the issuance of the original notes and the application of the net proceeds therefrom, we would have had approximately $795.3 million of indebtedness. Our substantial level of debt could have important consequences to you.

 

13


These consequences may include:

 

   

making it more difficult for us to satisfy our obligations with respect to the exchange notes and our other debt;

 

   

making it more difficult for us to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions or other general corporate purposes;

 

   

requiring a substantial portion of our cash flow to be dedicated to debt service payments instead of other purposes;

 

   

increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;

 

   

limiting our financial flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in the industries in which we compete;

 

   

placing us at a disadvantage compared to less leveraged competitors;

 

   

exposing us to interest rate fluctuations because the interest on the debt under our revolving credit facility is at variable rates; and

 

   

having a material adverse affect on us if we fail to comply with the covenants in the indenture governing the notes or in the instruments governing our other debt.

We may not be able to generate a sufficient amount of cash flow to meet our debt service obligations, including the notes.

Our ability to make scheduled payments or to refinance our obligations with respect to the exchange notes and our other debt will depend on our financial and operating performance, which, in turn, is subject to prevailing economic conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. If our cash flow and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and may be forced to reduce or delay scheduled expansions and capital expenditures, sell material assets or operations, obtain additional capital or restructure our debt. We cannot assure you that our operating performance, cash flow and capital resources will be sufficient for payment of our debt in the future. In the event that we are required to dispose of material assets or operations or restructure our debt to meet our debt service and other obligations, we cannot assure you as to the terms of any such transaction or how quickly any such transaction could be completed.

If we cannot make scheduled payments on our debt, we will be in default and, as a result:

 

   

our debt holders could declare all outstanding principal and interest to be due and payable;

 

   

our revolving credit facility lenders could terminate their commitments and commence foreclosure proceedings against our assets securing this facility; and

 

   

we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation.

If our operating performance declines in the future, we may need to obtain waivers from the required lenders under our revolving credit facility to avoid being in default. If we breach our covenants under the revolving credit facility and seek a waiver, we may not be able to obtain a waiver from the required lenders. If this occurs, we would be in default under the revolving credit facility and the lenders could exercise their rights, as described above, and we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. See “Description of Revolving Credit Facility and Other Financing Arrangements” and “Description of Notes.”

 

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Our operations are substantially restricted by the terms of our debt, which could adversely affect us and increase your credit risk.

The credit agreement governing our revolving credit facility includes, and the indenture governing the notes to a much lesser extent includes, a number of significant restrictive covenants. These covenants restrict, among other things, our ability to:

 

   

incur additional indebtedness;

 

   

pay dividends or make other restricted payments;

 

   

create or permit certain liens;

 

   

sell assets;

 

   

create or permit restrictions on the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to us;

 

   

engage in transactions with affiliates;

 

   

enter into certain sale and leaseback transactions; and

 

   

consolidate or merge with or into other companies or sell all or substantially all of our assets.

As a result, these covenants could limit our ability to plan for or react to market conditions or to meet our capital needs.

In addition, our revolving credit facility requires us to maintain certain financial ratios and meet other financial tests. Our failure to comply with these covenants could result in an event of default which, if not cured or waived, could result in lenders not being required to advance any more funds to us, as well as our being required to repay the borrowings under our revolving credit facility before their due date. If we were unable to make this repayment or otherwise refinance these borrowings, the lenders under our revolving credit facility could foreclose on our assets. If we were able to refinance these borrowings on less favorable terms, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected by increased costs and rates.

Despite our debt levels, we may incur additional debt.

Despite the restrictions and limitations described above, we may be able to incur significant additional indebtedness. Our revolving credit facility permits additional borrowings under certain circumstances and the indenture governing the notes does not prohibit the incurrence of additional indebtedness by us or our subsidiaries. See “Description of Revolving Credit Facility and Other Financing Arrangements” and “Description of Notes.” As of January 31, 2007, after giving pro forma effect to the issuance of the original notes, the application of the net proceeds therefrom and the amendment to the Credit Agreement dated February 9, 2007 (the “Amendment”), we would have had approximately $109.0 million of additional borrowings available to us under the revolving credit facility, subject to compliance with our financial and other covenants under the terms of our revolving credit facility.

The exchange notes are unsecured and effectively subordinated to all of our secured debt.

The exchange notes will not be secured by any of our assets or the assets of our subsidiaries. The payment of our revolving credit facility is secured by a pledge of the capital stock of substantially all of our United States subsidiaries and, in part, by the capital stock of the international borrowers. If we become insolvent or are liquidated, or if payment under our revolving credit facility or any other secured debt obligation that we may have from time to time is accelerated, our secured lenders would be entitled to exercise the remedies available to a secured lender under applicable law and will have a claim on those assets before the holders of the notes. As a result, the exchange notes are effectively subordinated to our secured debt to the extent of the assets securing

 

15


such debt in the event of our bankruptcy or liquidation. As of January 31, 2007, after giving pro forma effect to the issuance of the original notes and the application of the net proceeds therefrom, we would have had approximately $411.3 million of secured debt outstanding, under our revolving credit facility and our trade accounts receivable credit facility, as well as $109.0 million undrawn capacity under our revolving credit facility, net of outstanding letters of credit. In addition, under certain circumstances the indenture governing the notes permits us to incur additional secured debt.

Our ability to meet our obligations under our indebtedness depends on the earnings and cash flows of our subsidiaries and the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or advance or repay funds to us.

We conduct a significant portion of our operations through our subsidiaries. Consequently, our ability to service our debt and pay dividends is dependent, in part, upon the earnings from the businesses conducted by our subsidiaries. Our subsidiaries are separate and distinct legal entities and have no obligation to pay any amounts to us, whether by dividends, loans, advances or other payments. The ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends and make other payments to us depends on their earnings, capital requirements and general financial conditions and is restricted by, among other things, applicable corporate and other laws and regulations as well as, in the future, agreements to which our subsidiaries may be a party.

The exchange notes will be effectively subordinated to all indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries.

None of our subsidiaries will guarantee the exchange notes or otherwise have any obligations to make payments in respect of the exchange notes, which will be our direct, unsecured obligations. As a result, claims of holders of the exchange notes will be effectively subordinated to the indebtedness and other liabilities of our subsidiaries. In the event of any bankruptcy, liquidation, dissolution or similar proceeding involving one of our subsidiaries, any of our rights or the rights of the holders of the exchange notes to participate in the assets of that subsidiary will be effectively subordinated to the claims of creditors of that subsidiary (including any trade creditors, debt holders, secured creditors, taxing authorities and guarantee holders), and following payment by that subsidiary of its liabilities, the subsidiary may not have sufficient assets remaining to make payments to us as a shareholder or otherwise. In addition, if we caused a subsidiary to pay a dividend to enable us to make payments in respect of the exchange notes and such a transfer were deemed a fraudulent transfer or an unlawful distribution, the holders of the exchange notes could be required to return the payment to (or for the benefit of) the creditors of our subsidiaries. As of January 31, 2007, after giving pro forma effect to the issuance of the original notes and the application of the net proceeds therefrom, our subsidiaries would have had $311.3 of indebtedness for borrowed money and significant other liabilities, all of which are effectively senior to the exchange notes offered hereby. In addition, the indenture governing the notes will not prohibit the incurrence of additional debt by our subsidiaries.

We may not have sufficient funds or be permitted by our revolving credit facility to purchase exchange notes upon a change of control.

Upon a change of control, we will be required to make an offer to purchase all outstanding exchange notes. However, we cannot assure you that we will have or will be able to borrow sufficient funds at the time of any change of control to make any required repurchases of exchange notes, or that restrictions in our revolving credit facility or other senior secured indebtedness we may incur in the future would permit us to make the required repurchases. For the foreseeable future, we expect covenants in our revolving credit facility will not permit us to make the required repurchases.

Risk Factors Related to Our Business

Our business is sensitive to changes in general economic or business conditions.

Our customers generally consist of other manufacturers and suppliers who purchase industrial packaging products and containerboard and related corrugated products for their own containment and shipping purposes. Because we supply a cross section of industries, such as chemicals, food products, petroleum products,

 

16


pharmaceuticals and metal products, and have operations in many countries, demand for our industrial packaging products and containerboard and related corrugated products has historically corresponded to changes in general economic and business conditions of the industries and countries in which we operate. Accordingly, our financial performance is substantially dependent upon the general economic conditions existing in these industries and countries, and any prolonged or substantial economic downturn could have a material adverse affect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our foreign operations are subject to currency exchange and political risks that could adversely affect our results of operations.

We have operations in over 40 countries. As a result of our international operations, we are subject to certain risks that could disrupt our operations or force us to incur unanticipated costs.

Our operating performance is affected by devaluations and fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates by:

 

   

translations into United States dollars for financial reporting purposes of the assets and liabilities of our international operations conducted in local currencies; and

 

   

gains or losses from international operations conducted in currencies other than the operation’s functional currency.

We are subject to various other risks associated with operating in international countries, such as the following:

 

   

political, social and economic instability;

 

   

war, civil disturbance or acts of terrorism;

 

   

taking of property by nationalization or expropriation without fair compensation;

 

   

changes in government policies and regulations;

 

   

imposition of limitations on conversions of foreign currencies into United States dollars or remittance of dividends and other payments by international subsidiaries;

 

   

imposition or increase of withholding and other taxes on remittances and other payments by international subsidiaries;

 

   

hyperinflation in certain countries; and

 

   

impositions or increase of investment and other restrictions or requirements by non-United States governments.

We operate in highly competitive industries.

Each of our business segments operates in highly competitive industries. The most important competitive factors we face are price, quality and service. To the extent that one or more of our competitors become more successful with respect to any of these key competitive factors, we could lose customers and our sales could decline. In addition, due to the tendency of certain customers to diversify their suppliers, we could be unable to increase or maintain sales volumes with particular customers. Certain of our competitors are substantially larger and have significantly greater financial resources.

Our business is sensitive to changes in industry demands.

Industry demand for containerboard in the United States and certain of our industrial packaging products in our United States and international markets has varied in recent years causing competitive pricing pressures for

 

17


those products. We compete in industries that are capital intensive, which generally leads to continued production as long as prices are sufficient to cover marginal costs. As a result, changes in industry demands, including industry over-capacity, may cause substantial price competition and, in turn, negatively affect our financial performance.

The continuing consolidation of our customer base for industrial packaging, containerboard and corrugated products may intensify pricing pressures and may negatively affect our financial performance.

Over the last few years, many of our large industrial packaging, containerboard and corrugated products customers have acquired, or been acquired by, companies with similar or complementary product lines. This consolidation has increased the concentration of our largest customers, and resulted in increased pricing pressures from our customers. The continuing consolidation of our customer base may negatively affect our financial performance.

Raw material and energy price fluctuations and shortages could adversely affect our ability to obtain the materials needed to manufacture our products and could adversely affect our manufacturing costs.

The principal raw materials used in the manufacture of our products are steel, resin, pulpwood, old corrugated containers for recycling, and containerboard, which we purchase in highly competitive, price sensitive markets. These raw materials have historically exhibited price and demand cyclicality. Some of these materials have been, and in the future may be, in short supply. However, we have not recently experienced any significant difficulty in obtaining our principal raw materials. We do not have long-term supply contracts or hedging arrangements in place for obtaining our principal raw materials.

The cost of producing our products is also sensitive to the price of energy. We have, from time to time, entered into short-term contracts to hedge certain of our energy costs. Energy prices, in particular oil and natural gas, have fluctuated in recent years, with a corresponding effect on our production costs.

Environmental and health and safety matters and product liability claims could negatively affect our operations and financial performance.

We must comply with extensive rules and regulations regarding federal, state, local and international environmental matters, such as remediation of contamination, air and water quality and waste disposal. We must also comply with extensive rules and regulations regarding safety and health matters. The failure to materially comply with such rules and regulations could adversely affect our operations and financial performance. Furthermore, litigation or claims against us with respect to such matters could adversely affect our financial performance. We may also become subject to product liability claims, which could adversely affect our operations and financial performance.

Our business may be adversely affected by work stoppages and other labor relations matters.

We are subject to risk of work stoppages and other labor relations matters because a significant number of our employees are represented by unions. We have experienced work stoppages and strikes in the past, and there may be work stoppages and strikes in the future. Any prolonged work stoppage or strike at any one of our principal manufacturing facilities could have a negative impact on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We may encounter difficulties arising from acquisitions.

During recent years, we have invested a substantial amount of capital in acquisitions. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, including the failure to retain key customers, employees and contracts, the inability to integrate businesses without material disruption, unanticipated costs incurred in connection with integrating businesses

 

18


and the incurrence of liabilities greater than anticipated or operating results that are less than anticipated. In addition, acquisitions and integration activities require time and attention of management and other key personnel, and other companies in our industries have similar acquisition strategies. There can be no assurance that any recent or future acquisitions will be successfully integrated into our operations, that competition for acquisitions will not intensify or that we will be able to complete such acquisitions on acceptable terms and conditions. The costs of unsuccessful acquisition efforts may adversely affect our financial performance.

We may be subject to losses that might not be covered in whole or in part by existing insurance reserves or insurance coverage. These uninsured losses could adversely affect our financial performance.

We are self-insured for certain of the claims made under our employee medical and dental insurance programs and for certain of our workers’ compensation claims. We establish reserves for estimated costs related to pending claims, administrative fees and claims incurred but not reported.

Because establishing reserves is an inherently uncertain process involving estimates, currently established reserves may not be adequate to cover the actual liability for claims made under our employee medical and dental insurance programs and for certain of our workers’ compensation claims. If we conclude that our estimates are incorrect and our reserves are inadequate for these claims, we will need to increase our reserves, which could adversely affect our financial performance.

We carry comprehensive liability, fire and extended coverage insurance on most of our facilities, with policy specifications and insured limits customarily carried for similar properties. However, there are certain types of losses, such as losses resulting from wars, acts of terrorism, or natural disasters, that generally are not insured because they are either uninsurable or not economically insurable. Should an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occur, we could lose capital invested in that property, as well as the anticipated future revenues derived from the manufacturing activities conducted at that property, while remaining obligated for any financial obligations related to the property. Any such loss would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We purchase insurance policies covering general liability and product liability with substantial policy limits. However, there can be no assurance that any liability claim would be adequately covered by our applicable insurance policies or it would not be excluded from coverage based on the terms and conditions of the policy. This could also apply to any applicable contractual indemnity.

The frequency and volume of our timber and timberland sales will affect our financial performance.

We have a significant inventory of standing timber and timberland and approximately 62,250 acres of special use properties in the United States and Canada. The frequency and volume of sales of timber, timberland and special use properties will have an effect on our financial performance. In addition, volatility in the real estate market and a reduction in demand for special use properties could negatively affect our results of operations.

 

19


USE OF PROCEEDS

The exchange offer is intended to satisfy our obligations under the Registration Rights Agreement that we entered into in connection with the private offering of the original notes. We will not receive any cash proceeds from the issuance of the exchange notes. The original notes that are surrendered in exchange for the exchange notes will be retired and cancelled and cannot be reissued. As a result, the issuance of the exchange notes will not result in any increase or decrease in our indebtedness.

Our net proceeds from the private offering of the original notes, after deducting initial purchaser discounts and our expenses, were approximately $297.0 million. We used approximately $269.4 million of the proceeds from the private offering of the original notes to fund the purchase of an aggregate principal amount of $245,610,000 of our outstanding 8  7 / 8 % senior subordinated notes due 2012 (the “senior subordinated notes”), representing 99 percent of the outstanding senior subordinated notes, and to pay related premiums, fees and expenses.

The remaining net proceeds have been used to reduce debt under our revolving credit facility and for other general corporate purposes.

 

20


CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our unaudited historical capitalization as of January 31, 2007, and our unaudited pro forma capitalization as of such date after giving effect to the issuance of the original notes and the application of the net proceeds therefrom. You should read this table in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and other financial data included elsewhere in this prospectus. See “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data.”

 

     As of January 31, 2007
     Actual    As Adjusted
     (in millions)

Cash

   $ 78.4    $ 78.4
             

Revolving credit facility

   $ 356.5    $ 319.5

Trade accounts receivable credit facility

     91.8      91.8

8  7 / 8 % senior subordinated notes

     242.8      2.5

New senior notes

     —        300.0

Other debt

     81.5      81.5
             

Total debt

     772.6      795.3

Total stockholders’ equity

     867.5      853.1
             

Total capitalization

   $ 1,640.1    $ 1,648.4
             

 

21


SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

In the following table, we have provided the selected historical consolidated financial data for each of the five years in the period ended October 31, 2006, which are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. The following table also sets forth the selected consolidated financial data for the three-month periods ended January 31, 2007 and 2006, which are derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements. The unaudited financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals which we consider necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations for these periods. The operating results for the three months ended January 31, 2007 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year ending October 31, 2007. You should read the consolidated financial data below in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

   

As of and for the years

ended October 31,

    As of and for the three
months ended
January 31,
 
    2002     2003     2004     2005     2006     2006     2007  
    (U.S. Dollars in thousands)  

Statement of Operations Data:

             

Net sales

  $ 1,632,767     $ 1,916,441     $ 2,209,282     $ 2,424,297     $ 2,628,475     $ 582,316     $ 750,759  

Cost of products sold

    1,296,952       1,570,891       1,836,432       2,033,510       2,149,271       492,644       620,673  
                                                       

Gross Profit

    335,815       345,550       372,850       390,787       479,204       89,672       130,086  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

    250,756       228,120       218,821       224,729       259,122       59,454       74,609  

Restructuring charges

    2,824       60,743       54,118       35,736       33,238       5,468       2,037  

Gain on sale of timberland

    12,122       5,577       7,514       56,268       41,302       31,569       62  

Gain on disposal of properties, plants and

  equipment, net

    6,800       3,092       1,281       5,343       18,017       1,642       5,139  
                                                       

Operating Profit

    101,157       65,356       108,706       191,933       246,163       57,961       58,641  

Interest expense, net

    55,965       52,834       45,264       39,255       35,993       9,173       12,034  

Debt extinguishment charge

    10,300       —         —         2,828       —         —         —    

Other income (expense), net

    1,037       1,293       328       2,405       (2,299 )     (393 )     (736 )
                                                       

Income before income tax expense and equity in earnings of affiliates and minority interests and cumulative effect in change in accounting principle

    35,929       13,815       63,770       152,255       207,871       48,395       45,871  

Income tax expense

    12.934       4,255       15,624       47,055       63,816       14,954       11,559  

Equity in earnings of affiliates and minority interests

    7,984       (4,886 )     (377 )     (544 )     (1,936 )     (89 )     (333 )
                                                       

Income before cumulative effect of change in account principle

    30,979       4,674       47,769       104,656       142,119       33,352       33,979  

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

    —         4,822       —         —         —         —         —    
                                                       

Net income

  $ 30,979     $ 9,496     $ 47,769     $ 104,656     $ 142,119     $ 33,352     $ 33,979  
                                                       

Selected Financial Data:

             

Capital expenditures

  $ 45,664     $ 61,144     $ 50,163     $ 67,842     $ 75,630     $ 12,559     $ 34,303  

Ratio of earnings to fixed charges

    1.6 x     1.3 x     2.3 x     4.6 x     6.4 x     6.0 x     4.7 x

Balance Sheet Data (at end of period):

             

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 25,396     $ 49,767     $ 38,109     $ 122,411     $ 187,101     $ 115,421     $ 78,470  

Working capital

    228,249       271,139       175,464       242,968       301,738       276,092       279,615  

Total assets

    1,758,295       1,816,259       1,813,238       1,883,323       2,188,001       1,915,460       2,524,372  

Long-term debt, including current portion of long-term debt

    632,982       646,067       457,415       430,400       481,408       457,442       772,300  

Total stockholders’ equity

    569,129       572,564       629,094       730,888       844,011       759,154       867,541  

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The purpose of this section is to discuss and analyze our consolidated financial condition, liquidity and capital resources and results of operations. This analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto which are included elsewhere in this prospectus. This section contains certain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of federal securities laws that involve risks and uncertainties, including statements regarding our plans, objectives, goals, strategies and financial performance. Our actual results could differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of factors set forth under “Disclosure Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. Our fiscal year begins on November 1 and ends on October 31 of the following year. Any references to the years 2007, 2006, 2005 or 2004, or to any quarter of those years, relate to the fiscal year ending in that year.

General

Business Segments

We operate in three business segments: Industrial Packaging & Services; Paper, Packaging & Services; and Timber.

We are a leading global provider of industrial packaging products such as steel, fibre and plastic drums, intermediate bulk containers, closure systems for industrial packaging products, and polycarbonate water bottles, which are complemented with a variety of value-added services, including blending, packaging, logistics and warehousing. We seek to provide complete packaging solutions to our customers by offering a comprehensive range of products and services on a global basis. We sell our products to customers in industries such as chemicals, paint and pigments, food and beverage, petroleum, industrial coatings, agricultural, pharmaceutical and mineral, among others. In addition, the Company provides a variety of blending and packaging services, logistics and warehousing to customers in many of these same industries in North America.

We sell our containerboard, corrugated sheets and other corrugated products and multiwall bags to customers in North America in industries such as packaging, automotive, food and building products. Our corrugated container products are used to ship such diverse products as home appliances, small machinery, grocery products, building products, automotive components, books and furniture, as well as numerous other applications. Our full line of multiwall bag products is used to ship a wide range of industrial and consumer products, such as fertilizers, chemicals, concrete, flour, sugar, feed, seed, pet foods, popcorn, charcoal and salt, primarily for the agricultural, chemical, building products and food industries.

As of January 31, 2007, we owned approximately 265,800 acres of timber properties in the southeastern United States, which is actively managed, and approximately 36,700 acres of timber properties in Canada. Our timber management is focused on the active harvesting and regeneration of our timber properties to achieve sustainable long-term yields on our timberland. While timber sales are subject to fluctuations, we seek to maintain a consistent cutting schedule, within the limits of available merchantable acreage of timber, market and weather conditions. We also sell, from time to time, timberland and special use land, which consists of surplus land, higher and better use (“HBU”) land and development land.

Recent Acquisitions

During the first quarter of 2007, we completed three acquisitions in our Industrial Packaging & Services segment. We acquired the steel drum manufacturing and closures business of Blagden Packaging Group for approximately €205.0 million ($269.0 million). This acquisition expanded our industrial packaging and services

 

23


presence in the Netherlands, Belgium, France, the United Kingdom, Spain, Singapore, Malaysia and China. Net sales of the Blagden Packaging Group’s business were approximately $265.0 million for the annual period prior to the acquisition. We also acquired two small industrial packaging companies in the United States for an aggregate purchase price of $33.7 million.

During the fourth quarter 2006, we completed two acquisitions in our Industrial Packaging & Services segment. We acquired Delta Petroleum Company, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Delta”), based in New Orleans, Louisiana, which provides its customers with blending, filling and packaging, drumming, warehousing, distribution and logistics services. Delta, with revenues of approximately $182.0 million, processes more than 200 million gallons of products a year. We also acquired an industrial packaging company located in Russia. These two acquisitions were completed for an aggregate purchase price of $102.0 million.

Greif Business System

In 2003, we began a transformation to become a leaner, more market-focused/performance-driven company, a transformation to what we call the “Greif Business System.” We believe the Greif Business System has and will continue to generate productivity improvements and achieve permanent cost reductions. The Greif Business System continues to focus on opportunities such as improved labor productivity, material yield and other manufacturing efficiencies, along with further plant consolidations. In addition, as part of the Greif Business System, we have implemented a strategic sourcing initiative to more effectively leverage our global spending and lay the foundation for a world-class sourcing and supply chain capability.

Critical Accounting Policies

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements, in accordance with these principles, require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our consolidated financial statements.

A summary of our significant accounting policies is included in the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We believe that the consistent application of these policies enables us to provide readers of the consolidated financial statements with useful and reliable information about our results of operations and financial condition. The following are the accounting policies that we believe are most important to the portrayal of our results of operations and financial condition and require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments.

Allowance for Accounts Receivable . We evaluate the collectibility of our accounts receivable based on a combination of factors. In circumstances where we are aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to us, we record a specific allowance for bad debts against amounts due to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount we reasonably believe will be collected. In addition, we recognize allowances for bad debts based on the length of time receivables are past due with allowance percentages, based on our historical experiences, applied on a graduated scale relative to the age of the receivable amounts. If circumstances change (e.g., higher than expected bad debt experience or an unexpected material adverse change in a major customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations to us), our estimates of the recoverability of amounts due to us could change by a material amount.

Inventory Reserves . Reserves for slow moving and obsolete inventories are provided based on historical experience and product demand. We continuously evaluate the adequacy of these reserves and make adjustments to these reserves as required.

 

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Net Assets Held for Sale . Net assets held for sale represent land, buildings and land improvements less accumulated depreciation for locations that have been closed. We record net assets held for sale in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” at the lower of carrying value or fair value less cost to sell. Fair value is based on the estimated proceeds from the sale of the facility utilizing recent purchase offers, market comparables and/or data obtained from our commercial real estate broker. Our estimate as to fair value is regularly reviewed and subject to changes in the commercial real estate markets and our continuing evaluation as to the facility’s acceptable sale price.

Properties, Plants and Equipment . Depreciation on properties, plants and equipment is provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of our assets.

We own timber properties in the southeastern United States and in Canada. With respect to our United States timber properties, which consisted of approximately 265,800 acres at January 31, 2007, depletion expense is computed on the basis of cost and the estimated recoverable timber acquired. Our land costs are maintained by tract. Merchantable timber costs are maintained by five product classes, pine sawtimber, pine chip-n-saw, pine pulpwood, hardwood sawtimber and hardwood pulpwood, within a “depletion block,” with each depletion block based upon a geographic district or subdistrict. Currently, we have 12 depletion blocks. These same depletion blocks are used for pre-merchantable timber costs. Each year, we estimate the volume of our merchantable timber for the five product classes by each depletion block. These estimates are based on the current state in the growth cycle and not on quantities to be available in future years. Our estimates do not include costs to be incurred in the future. We then project these volumes to the end of the year. Upon acquisition of a new timberland tract, we record separate amounts for land, merchantable timber and pre-merchantable timber allocated as a percentage of the values being purchased. These acquisition volumes and costs acquired during the year are added to the totals for each product class within the appropriate depletion block(s). The total of the beginning, one-year growth and acquisition volumes are divided by the total undepleted historical cost to arrive at a depletion rate, which is then used for the current year. As timber is sold, we multiply the volumes sold by the depletion rate for the current year to arrive at the depletion cost. Our Canadian timberland, which consisted of approximately 36,700 acres at January 31, 2007, did not have any depletion expense since it is not actively managed at this time.

We believe that the lives and methods of determining depreciation and depletion are reasonable; however, using other lives and methods could provide materially different results.

Restructuring Reserves . Restructuring reserves are determined in accordance with appropriate accounting guidance, including SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities,” and Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 100, “Restructuring and Impairment Charges,” depending upon the facts and circumstances surrounding the situation. Restructuring reserves are further discussed in Note 7 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q.

Pension and Postretirement Benefits . Pension and postretirement benefit expenses are determined by our actuaries using assumptions about the discount rate, expected return on plan assets, rate of compensation increase and health care cost trend rates. Further discussion of our pension and postretirement benefit plans and related assumptions is contained in Note 16 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statement included in this Form 10-Q. The results would be different using other assumptions.

Income Taxes . Our effective tax rate is based on income, statutory tax rates and tax planning opportunities available to us in the various jurisdictions in which we operate. Significant judgment is required in determining our effective tax rate and in evaluating its tax positions. We establish reserves when, despite our belief that our tax return positions are fully supportable, we believe that certain positions are likely to be challenged and that we may not succeed. We adjust these reserves in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of a tax audit. Our effective tax rate includes the impact of reserve provisions and changes to reserves that we consider appropriate as well as related interest.

 

25


A number of years may elapse before a particular matter, for which we have established a reserve, is audited and finally resolved. The number of years with open tax audits varies depending on the tax jurisdiction. While it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of resolution of any particular tax matter, we believe that our reserves reflect the probable outcome of known tax contingencies. Unfavorable settlement of any particular issue would require use of our cash. Favorable resolution would be recognized as a reduction to our effective tax rate in the period of resolution.

Valuation allowances are established where expected future taxable income does not support the realization of the deferred tax assets.

Environmental Cleanup Costs . We expense environmental costs related to existing conditions caused by past or current operations and from which no current or future benefit is discernable. Expenditures that extend the life of the related property, or mitigate or prevent future environmental contamination, are capitalized.

Our reserves for environmental liabilities at January 31, 2007 amounted to $20.1 million, which included reserves of $4.6 million related to our facility in Lier, Belgium, $6.0 million related to our blending facility in Chicago, Illinois, $5.0 million related to the Blagden Packaging acquisition completed in the first quarter of 2007 (which amount is subject to post-closing purchase price adjustments) and $4.5 million for asserted and unasserted environmental litigation, claims and/or assessments at several manufacturing sites and other locations where we believe the outcome of such matters will be unfavorable to us. The environmental exposures for those sites included in the $4.5 million reserve were not individually significant. The reserve for the Lier, Belgium and Chicago, Illinois sites are based on environmental studies that have been conducted at this location. The Lier, Belgium site is being monitored by the Public Flemish Waste Company (“PFWC”), which is the Belgian body for waste control. PFWC must approve all remediation efforts that are undertaken by us at this site. Environmental expenses were $1.6 million in 2006, insignificant in 2005, and $0.6 million in 2004, and were insignificant in the first quarter of both 2007 and 2006. Environmental cash expenditures were $1.8 million, $2.0 million, and $0.7 million in 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and $0.2 million and insignificant in the first quarters of 2007 and 2006, respectively.

We anticipate that cash expenditures in future periods for remediation costs at identified sites will be made over an extended period of time. Given the inherent uncertainties in evaluating environmental exposures, actual costs may vary from those estimated at January 31, 2007. Our exposure to adverse developments with respect to any individual site is not expected to be material. Although environmental remediation could have a material effect on results of operations if a series of adverse developments occur in a particular quarter or fiscal year, we believe that the chance of a series of adverse developments occurring in the same quarter or fiscal year is remote. Future information and developments will require us to continually reassess the expected impact of these environmental matters.

Self-Insurance . We are self-insured for certain of the claims made under our employee medical and dental insurance programs. We had recorded liabilities totaling $2.6 million and $2.7 million for estimated costs related to outstanding claims at January 31, 2007 and October 31, 2006, respectively. These costs include an estimate for expected settlements on pending claims, administrative fees and an estimate for claims incurred but not reported. These estimates are based on our assessment of outstanding claims, historical analysis and current payment trends. We record an estimate for the claims incurred but not reported using an estimated lag period based upon historical information. This lag period assumption has been consistently applied for the periods presented. If the lag period were hypothetically adjusted by a period equal to a half month, the impact on earnings would be approximately $1.3 million. However, we believe the liabilities recorded are adequate based upon current facts and circumstances.

We have certain deductibles applied to various insurance policies including general liability, product, auto and workers’ compensation. Deductible liabilities are insured primarily through our captive insurance subsidiary. We recorded liabilities totaling $22.3 million and $19.7 million for anticipated costs related to general liability,

 

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product, auto and workers’ compensation at January 31, 2007 and October 31, 2006, respectively. These costs include an estimate for expected settlements on pending claims, defense costs and an estimate for claims incurred but not reported. These estimates are based on our assessment of outstanding claims, historical analysis, actuarial information and current payment trends.

Contingencies . Various lawsuits, claims and proceedings have been or may be instituted or asserted against us, including those pertaining to environmental, product liability, and safety and health matters. We are continually consulting legal counsel and evaluating requirements to reserve for contingencies in accordance with SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies.” While the amounts claimed may be substantial, the ultimate liability cannot currently be determined because of the considerable uncertainties that exist. Based on the facts currently available, we believe the disposition of matters that are pending will not have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Goodwill, Other Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets . Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are no longer amortized, but instead are periodically reviewed for impairment as required by SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” The costs of acquired intangible assets determined to have definite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated economic lives of two to 20 years. Our policy is to periodically review other intangible assets subject to amortization and other long-lived assets based upon the evaluation of such factors as the occurrence of a significant adverse event or change in the environment in which the business operates, or if the expected future net cash flows (undiscounted and without interest) would become less than the carrying amount of the asset. An impairment loss would be recorded in the period such determination is made based on the fair value of the related assets.

Other Items . Other items that could have a significant impact on the financial statements include the risks and uncertainties listed in this prospectus under “Disclosures Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors.” Actual results could differ materially using different estimates and assumptions, or if conditions are significantly different in the future.

Results of Operations

Historically, revenues and earnings may or may not be representative of future operating results due to various economic and other factors.

The financial measure of operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges and timberland gains, is used throughout the following discussion of our results of operations (except with respect to the segment discussions for Industrial Packaging & Services and Paper, Packaging & Services, where timberland gains are not applicable). Operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges and timberland gains, is equal to operating profit plus restructuring charges less timberland gains. We use operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges and timberland gains, because we believe that this measure provides a better indication of our operational performance because it excludes restructuring charges, which are not representative of ongoing operations, and timberland gains, which are volatile from period to period, and it provides a more stable platform on which to compare our historical performance.

 

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The following table sets forth the net sales and operating profit for each of our business segments for 2006, 2005 and 2004, and for the first three months of 2007 and 2006:

 

    

For the years ended

October 31,

   For the three months
ended January 31,
     2004    2005    2006    2006    2007
     (U.S. Dollars in thousands)

Net sales

              

Industrial Packaging & Services

   $ 1,620,790    $ 1,804,169    $ 1,945,299    $ 429,720    $ 581,704

Paper, Packaging & Services

     568,136      607,818      668,047      147,039      164,826

Timber

     20,356      12,310      15,129      5,557      4,229
                                  

Total net sales

   $ 2,209,282    $ 2,424,297    $ 2,628,475    $ 582,316    $ 750,759
                                  

Operating Profit

              

Operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges and timberland gains:

              

Industrial Packaging & Services

   $ 111,949    $ 122,818    $ 163,072    $ 24,240    $ 36,085

Paper, Packaging & Services

     29,473      40,611      64,401      4,257      18,039

Timber

     13,888      7,972      10,626      3,363      6,492
                                  

Total operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges and timberland gains

     155,310      171,401      238,099      31,860      60,616
                                  

Restructuring charges:

              

Industrial Packaging & Services

     44,975      31,375      24,034      4,221      1,173

Paper, Packaging & Services

     8,936      4,271      9,193      1,236      864

Timber

     207      90      11      11      —  
                                  

Total restructuring charges

     54,118      35,736      33,238      5,468      2,037
                                  

Timberland gains:

              

Timber

     7,514      56,268      41,302      31,569      62
                                  

Operating profit:

              

Industrial Packaging & Services

     66,974      91,443      139,038      20,018      34,912

Paper, Packaging & Services

     20,537      36,340      55,212      3,021      17,175

Timber

     21,195      64,150      51,913      34,922      6,554
                                  

Total operating profit

   $ 108,706    $ 191,933    $ 246,163    $ 57,961    $ 58,641
                                  

Three Months Ended January 31, 2007 Compared to Three Months Ended January 31, 2006

Overview

Net sales were up 29 percent to $750.8 million in the first quarter of 2007 compared to $582.3 million in the first quarter of 2006—an increase of 10 percent on a same-structure basis (i.e., excluding the impact of acquisitions), including 3 percent from foreign currency translation. The $168.5 million increase resulted from the positive contributions of Industrial Packaging & Services ($152.0 million) and Paper, Packaging & Services ($17.8 million). The increase in Industrial Packaging & Services is primarily due to generally higher sales volumes, especially steel and plastic drums, the acquisitions of Blagden Packaging Group’s steel drum manufacturing and closures businesses (“Blagden”) in the first quarter of 2007 and Delta Petroleum Company, Inc. (“Delta”) in the fourth quarter of 2006 and, to a lesser extent, positive impact of foreign currency translation. The increase in Paper, Packaging & Services is primarily due to improved containerboard pricing.

 

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Operating profit was $58.6 million in the first quarter of 2007 compared to $58.0 million in the first quarter of 2006. Operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges and timberland gains, was $60.6 million for the first quarter of 2007 compared to $31.9 million for the first quarter of 2006. The $28.7 million increase was due to positive contributions from Paper, Packaging & Services ($13.8 million), Industrial Packaging & Services ($11.8 million) and Timber ($3.1 million) compared to the same period last year. There were $2.0 million and $5.5 million of restructuring charges and $0.1 million and $31.6 million of timberland gains during the first quarter of 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Segment Review

Industrial Packaging & Services

The Industrial Packaging & Services segment offers a comprehensive line of industrial packaging products and services, such as steel, fibre and plastic drums, intermediate bulk containers, closure systems for industrial packaging products, polycarbonate water bottles and blending and packaging services, logistics and warehousing. The key factors influencing profitability in the Industrial Packaging & Services segment are:

 

   

Selling prices and sales volumes;

 

   

Raw material costs, primarily steel, resin and containerboard;

 

   

Energy and transportation costs;

 

   

Benefits from executing the Greif Business System;

 

   

Contributions from recent acquisitions; and

 

   

Impact of foreign currency translation.

In this segment, net sales were up 35 percent to $581.7 million in the first quarter of 2007 compared to $429.7 million in the first quarter of 2006—an increase of 10 percent on a same-structure basis, including a 3 percent impact of foreign currency translation. The improvement in net sales was primarily due to our recent acquisitions and strong organic growth, which included higher sales volumes in emerging markets. The first quarter of 2007 contributions from our acquisitions included two months of sales volume for Blagden and a full quarter of sales volume for Delta, which was acquired at the end of 2006.

Gross profit margin for the Industrial Packaging & Services segment was 16.5 percent in the first quarter of 2007, versus 16.7 percent in the first quarter of 2006. The reduction was due to lower gross profit margins for Blagden and Delta relative to the segment’s existing operations. These acquisitions are in the early stages of integration and are progressing as planned.

Operating profit was $34.9 million in the first quarter of 2007 compared to $20.0 million in the first quarter of 2006. Operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges, rose to $36.1 million in the first quarter of 2007 from $24.2 million in the first quarter of 2006 primarily due to the improvement in net sales and the execution of the Greif Business System. Restructuring charges were $1.2 million in the first quarter of 2007 compared with $4.2 million during the same period last year.

Paper, Packaging & Services

The Paper, Packaging & Services segment sells containerboard, corrugated sheets and other corrugated products and multiwall bags in North America. The key factors influencing profitability in the Paper, Packaging & Services segment are:

 

   

Selling prices and sales volumes;

 

   

Raw material costs, primarily old corrugated containers (“OCC”);

 

   

Energy and transportation costs; and

 

   

Benefits from executing the Greif Business System.

 

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In this segment, net sales were $164.8 million in the first quarter of 2007 compared to $147.0 million in the first quarter of 2006 primarily due to higher containerboard and corrugated sheet selling prices and sales volumes compared to the same quarter last year. These improvements were partially offset by lower sales volumes in corrugated products and multiwall bags.

The Paper, Packaging & Services segment’s gross profit margin increased to 19.6 percent in the first quarter of 2007 from 11.7 percent in the first quarter of 2006. This improvement over last year was primarily due to higher containerboard pricing levels and improved efficiencies, partially offset by higher OCC and transportation costs.

Operating profit was $17.2 million in the first quarter of 2007 compared to $3.0 million in the first quarter of 2006. Operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges, was $18.0 million in the first quarter of 2007 compared to $4.3 million in the first quarter of 2006 primarily due to the improvement in net sales and gross profit margin. Restructuring charges were $0.9 million in the first quarter of 2007 compared to $1.2 million in the first quarter of 2006.

Timber

The Timber segment consists of approximately 265,800 acres of timber properties in the southeastern United States, which are actively harvested and regenerated, and approximately 36,700 acres in Canada. The key factors influencing profitability in the Timber segment are:

 

   

Planned level of timber sales;

 

   

Gains on sale of timberland; and

 

   

Sale of special use properties (surplus, higher and better use, and development properties).

Net sales were $4.2 million in the first quarter of 2007 compared to $5.6 million in the first quarter of 2006. Operating profit was $6.6 million in the first quarter of 2007 compared to $34.9 million in the first quarter of 2006. Operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges and timberland gains, was $6.5 million (including $4.7 million of profits on special use property sales) in the first quarter of 2007 compared to $3.4 million in the first quarter of 2006. There were timberland gains of $0.1 million in the first quarter of 2007 and $31.6 million in the first quarter of 2006 and insignificant restructuring charges in both years. In order to maximize the value of our timber property, we have been reviewing our current portfolio and exploring the development of certain of these properties in Canada and the United States. This process has led us to characterize our property as follows:

 

   

Surplus property, meaning land that cannot be efficiently or effectively managed by us, whether due to parcel size, lack of productivity, location, access limitations, or for other reasons.

 

   

Higher and better use or HBU property, meaning land that in its current state has a higher market value for uses other than growing and selling timber.

 

   

Development property, meaning HBU land that with additional investment may have a significantly higher market value than its HBU market value.

 

   

Timberland, meaning land that is best suited for growing and selling timber.

We report the sale of surplus and HBU property in our consolidated statements of income under “gain on sale of assets” and report the sale of development property under “net sales” and “cost of products sold.” All HBU and development property (sometimes referred to as “higher value”), together with surplus property, will continue to be used by us to productively grow and sell timber until sold.

Whether timberland has a higher value for uses other than growing and selling timber is a determination based upon several variables, such as proximity to population centers, anticipated population growth in the area,

 

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the topography of the land, aesthetic considerations including access to lakes or rivers, the condition of the surrounding land, availability of utilities, markets for timber and economic considerations both nationally and locally. Given these considerations, the characterization of land is not a static process, but requires an ongoing review and re-characterization as circumstances change.

We estimate that there are 62,250 acres in Canada and the United States of special use property which will be available for sale in the next five to seven years.

Other Income Statement Changes

Cost of Products Sold

The cost of products sold, as a percentage of net sales, decreased to 82.7 percent for the first quarter of 2007 versus 84.6 percent for the first quarter of 2006. The lower cost of products sold, as a percentage of net sales, was primarily due to the improvement in Paper, Packaging & Services and positive contributions from the continued execution of the Greif Business System.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses

SG&A expenses were $74.6 million, or 9.9 percent of net sales, in the first quarter of 2007 compared to $59.5 million, or 10.2 percent of net sales, in the first quarter of 2006. The dollar increase was primarily due to the Blagden and Delta acquisitions during the first quarter of 2007 and the fourth quarter of 2006, respectively, and accruals related to performance based incentive plans.

Restructuring Charges

During the first quarter of 2007, we recorded restructuring charges of $2.0 million, consisting of $0.7 million in employee separation costs, $0.4 million in asset impairments, and $0.9 million in other costs. The focus of the 2007 restructuring activities will be on integration of acquisitions in the Industrial Packaging & Services segment, and on alignment of the market-focused strategy in the Paper, Packaging & Services segment.

During the first quarter of 2006, we recorded restructuring charges of $5.5 million, consisting of $2.9 million in employee separation costs, $1.2 million in asset impairments, $0.1 million of professional fees, and $1.3 million in other costs. In 2006, our restructuring charges were primarily related to the final waves of the global implementation of the Greif Business System.

Gain on Sale of Timberland

During the first quarter of 2007, we recorded gain on sale of timber property of $0.1 million compared to $31.6 million in the first quarter of 2006, which included a $27.4 million gain from the second phase of a sale of timberland holdings in Florida, Georgia and Alabama.

Gain on Disposal of Property, Plant, and Equipment, Net

During the first quarter of 2007, we recorded a net gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment, net of $5.1 million, primarily consisting of $4.0 million in gains from the sale of surplus and HBU timber properties.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net was $12.0 million and $9.2 million for the first quarter of 2007 and 2006, respectively. The increase was primarily due to higher average debt outstanding during the first quarter of 2007 compared to the first quarter of 2006.

 

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Other Income (Loss), Net

Other income (loss), net increased $0.3 million in the first quarter of 2007 as compared to the first quarter of 2006.

Income Tax Expense

The effective tax rate was 25.2 percent and 30.9 percent in the first quarter of 2007 and 2006, respectively. The lower effective tax rate resulted from a change in the mix of income outside the United States and the debt extinguishment charge of approximately $23.5 million in the second quarter 2007.

Net Income

Based on the foregoing, we recorded net income of $34.0 million for the first quarter of 2007 compared to $33.4 million in the first quarter of 2006.

Fiscal Year 2006 Compared to Fiscal Year 2005

Overview

Net sales were $2.6 billion in 2006 compared to $2.4 billion in 2005—an increase of 8 percent excluding the impact of foreign currency translation. The $204.2 million increase was almost entirely attributable to positive contributions from the Industrial Packaging & Services segment ($141.1 million) and the Paper, Packaging & Services segment ($60.2 million). This increase was primarily due to generally higher sales volumes and improved pricing across our product portfolio.

Operating profit was $246.2 million in 2006 compared to $191.9 million in 2005. Operating profit before the impact of restructuring charges and timberland gains was $238.1 million in 2006 compared to $171.4 million in 2005. The $66.7 million increase was due to positive contributions from the Industrial Packaging & Services segment ($40.3 million), the Paper, Packaging & Services segment ($23.8 million) and the Timber segment ($2.7 million). Included in these amounts are gains on asset disposals, including the sale of corporate surplus properties, special use properties, the sale of a closed facility and the disposal of a warehouse. There were $33.2 million and $35.7 million of restructuring charges and $41.3 million and $56.3 million of timberland gains during 2006 and 2005, respectively.

Segment Review

Industrial Packaging & Services

The Industrial Packaging & Services segment offers a comprehensive line of industrial packaging products and services, such as steel, fibre and plastic drums, intermediate bulk containers, closure systems for industrial packaging products, polycarbonate water bottles, blending and packaging services, logistics and warehousing. The key factors influencing profitability in the Industrial Packaging & Services segment are:

 

   

Selling prices and sales volumes;

 

   

Raw material costs, primarily steel, resin and containerboard;

 

   

Energy and transportation costs;

 

   

Benefits from the Greif Business System;

 

   

Restructuring charges; and

 

   

Impact of foreign currency translation.

In this segment, net sales were $1.9 billion in 2006 compared to $1.8 billion in 2005. Net sales rose 8 percent, excluding the impact of foreign currency translation, for 2006 from last year. The improvement in net

 

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sales was primarily due to strong organic growth, which included higher sales volumes in emerging markets such as China and Russia. This segment also benefited from two fourth quarter 2005 tuck-in acquisitions and the acquisition of Delta Petroleum Company, Inc. and its subsidiaries in the fourth quarter of 2006. Sales volumes declined in the United Kingdom and France as a result of restructuring activities.

Operating profit was $139.0 million in 2006 compared to $91.4 million in 2005. Operating profit before the impact of restructuring charges rose to $163.1 million in 2006 from $122.8 million in 2005 primarily due to the improvement in net sales and gross profit margin. The Industrial Packaging & Services segment’s gross profit margin improved to 18.5 percent in 2006 from 16.3 percent in 2005 due to higher sales volumes and the Greif Business System, particularly the impact of strategic sourcing (see “Other Income Statement Changes—Restructuring Charges” below). Restructuring charges were $24.0 million in 2006 compared with $31.4 million last year.

Paper, Packaging & Services

The Paper, Packaging & Services segment sells containerboard, corrugated sheets and other corrugated products and multiwall bags in North America. The key factors influencing profitability in the Paper, Packaging & Services segment are:

 

   

Selling prices and sales volumes;

 

   

Raw material costs, primarily old corrugated containers (“OCC”);

 

   

Energy and transportation costs;

 

   

Benefits from the Greif Business System; and

 

   

Restructuring charges.

In this segment, net sales were $668.0 million in 2006 compared to $607.8 million in 2005 primarily due to higher containerboard prices and higher containerboard, corrugated sheet and multiwall bag sales volumes compared to the prior year.

Operating profit was $55.2 million in 2006 compared to $36.3 million in 2005. Operating profit before the impact of restructuring charges was $64.4 million in 2006 compared to $40.6 million in 2005 primarily due to the improvement in net sales and gross profit margin. The Paper, Packaging & Services segment’s gross profit margin improved to 17.5 percent in 2006 from 15.3 percent in 2005. This improvement over last year was primarily due to higher containerboard pricing levels and the Greif Business System partially offset by approximately $14.7 million in higher energy and transportation costs. Restructuring charges were $9.2 million in 2006 compared to $4.3 million in 2005 (see “Other Income Statement Changes—Restructuring Charges” below).

Timber

The Timber segment consists of approximately 266,700 acres of timber properties in southeastern United States, which are actively harvested and regenerated, and approximately 37,400 acres in Canada. The key factors influencing profitability in the Timber segment are:

 

   

Planned level of timber sales;

 

   

Gains on sale of timberland; and

 

   

Sale of special use properties (surplus, higher and better use, and development properties).

Net sales were $15.1 million in 2006 compared to $12.3 million in 2005. While timber sales are subject to fluctuations, we seek to maintain a consistent cutting schedule, within the limits of market and weather conditions. Current year timber sales were in line with our expectations.

 

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Operating profit was $51.9 million in 2006 compared to $64.2 million in 2005. Operating profit before the impact of restructuring charges and timberland gains was $10.6 million (including $4.6 million of profits on special use property sales) in 2006 compared to $8.0 million in 2005. Timberland gains were $41.3 million in 2006 and $56.3 million in 2005, and restructuring charges were insignificant in both years.

In order to maximize the value of our timber property, we have reviewed our current portfolio and have been exploring the development of certain of these properties in Canada and the United States. This process has led us to characterize our property as follows:

 

   

Surplus property, meaning land that cannot be efficiently or effectively managed by us, whether due to parcel size, lack of productivity, location, access limitations or for other reasons.

 

   

HBU property, meaning land that in its current state has a higher market value for uses other than growing and selling timber.

 

   

Development property, meaning HBU land that with additional investment may have a significantly higher market value than its HBU market value.

 

   

Timberland, meaning land that is best suited for growing and selling timber.

We report the sale of surplus and HBU property in our consolidated statement of income under “gain on sale of assets” and report the sale of development property under “net sales” and “cost of products sold.” All HBU and development property, together with surplus property will continue to be used by us to productively grow and sell timber until sold.

Whether timberland has a higher value for uses other than growing and selling timber is a determination based upon several variables, such as, proximity to population centers, anticipated population growth in the area, the topography of the land, aesthetic considerations, including access to lakes or rivers, the condition of the surrounding land, availability of utilities, markets for timber and economic considerations both nationally and locally. Given these considerations, the characterization of land is not a static process, but requires an ongoing review and re-characterization as circumstances change.

Other Income Statement Changes

Cost of Products Sold

Cost of products sold, as a percentage of net sales, decreased to 81.8 percent in 2006 from 83.9 percent in 2005. Cost of products sold, as a percentage of net sales, primarily decreased as a result of the improvement in net sales and positive contributions from the Greif Business System (see “Other Income Statement Changes—Restructuring Charges” below). These positive factors were partially offset by higher transportation and energy costs compared to 2005.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses

SG&A expenses were $259.1 million, or 9.9 percent of net sales, in 2006 compared to $224.7 million, or 9.3 percent of net sales, in 2005. SG&A expenses, as a percentage of net sales, increased primarily due to higher accruals for performance-based incentive plans resulting from improvements in our results.

Restructuring Charges

During 2006, we recorded restructuring charges of $33.2 million, consisting of $16.8 million in employee separation costs, $8.3 million in asset impairments, $2.0 million in professional fees and $6.1 million in other restructuring costs, primarily consisting of moving and lease terminations costs. Four company-owned plants

 

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have been closed. Three plants in the Paper, Packaging & Services segment and one in the Industrial Packaging & Services segment were closed. The Industrial Packaging & Services segment reduced the number plants in the United Kingdom from five to three; merged operations of businesses purchased in October 2005 into existing North American plants; and consolidated one plant in France. In addition, severance costs were incurred due to the elimination of certain operating and administrative positions throughout the world. The total employees severed in 2006 was 281.

Our transformation to the Greif Business System, which began in 2003, continues to generate productivity improvements and achieve permanent cost reductions via improved labor productivity, material yield, other manufacturing efficiencies, footprint rationalization, strategic sourcing and SG&A optimization. The transformation efforts began in 2003 with a focus on SG&A optimization, which has resulted in approximately $60.0 million of annual cost savings.

In 2004 and 2005, we focused on becoming a leaner, more market-focused/performance-driven company. This final phase of the transformation to the Greif Business System has achieved additional annualized benefits of approximately $65.0 million.

Based on the foregoing we have achieved cumulative annual benefits from the Greif Business System of approximately $175.0 million through the end of 2006, including approximately $50.0 million in 2006. Additional incremental contributions from the Greif Business System are expected to be approximately $30.0 million in 2007. Any 2007 restructuring costs are expected to relate to acquisition integration in the Industrial Packaging & Services segment and further implementation of the Greif Business System in the Paper, Packaging & Services segment.

See Note 5 to the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for additional disclosures regarding our restructuring activities.

Gain on Sale of Timberland

The gain on sale of timberland decreased $15.0 million to $41.3 million in 2006 as compared to $56.3 million in 2005. These gains are the result of sales of timberland and are volatile from period to period.

In May 2005, we completed the first phase of the $90.0 million sale of 56,000 acres of timberland, timber and associated assets. In this first phase, 35,000 acres of our timberland holdings in Florida, Georgia and Alabama were sold for $51.0 million, resulting in a gain of $42.1 million in the third quarter of 2005. In the second phase, 15,300 acres of our timberland holdings in Florida were sold for $29.3 million, resulting in a gain of $27.4 million in the first quarter of 2006. In the final phase, we sold 5,700 acres of timberland in the second quarter of 2006 for $9.7 million, resulting in a gain of $9.0 million.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net, was $36.0 million and $39.3 million in 2006 and 2005, respectively. The decrease was primarily due to interest received on higher cash and cash equivalents balances, partially offset by interest paid on higher long-term and short-term borrowings, during 2006 compared to 2005.

Debt Extinguishment Charge

During the second quarter of 2005, we entered into a new revolving credit facility to improve pricing and financial flexibility. As a result, we recorded a $2.8 million debt extinguishment charge in 2005. There was no debt extinguishment charge in 2006.

 

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Other Income (Expense), Net

Other expense, net, was $2.3 million in 2006 compared to other income, net, of $2.4 million in 2005. The decrease was primarily due to the recording of $0.4 million in net gains related to foreign currency translation in 2006 versus $3.4 million in 2005 and other infrequent non-operating items recorded in 2005.

Income Tax Expense

During 2006, the effective tax rate was 30.7 percent as compared to 30.9 percent in 2005. In future years, the effective tax rate may fluctuate based on the mix of income inside and outside the United States and other factors.

Equity in Earnings of Affiliates and Minority Interests

Equity in earnings of affiliates and minority interests was $1.9 million for 2006 as compared to $0.5 million for 2005. We have majority holdings in various companies, and the minority interests of other persons in the respective net income of these companies have been recorded as an expense. These expenses were partially offset by equity in the earnings of Balmer-Lawrie Van Leer.

Net Income

Based on the foregoing, net income increased $37.4 million to $142.1 million for 2006 from $104.7 million in 2005.

Fiscal Year 2005 Compared to Fiscal Year 2004

Overview

Net sales rose 10 percent (8 percent excluding the impact of foreign currency translation) to a record $2.4 billion in 2005 from $2.2 billion in 2004. The net sales improvement was attributable to the Industrial Packaging & Services segment ($183.4 million increase) and the Paper, Packaging & Services segment ($39.7 million increase), partially offset by $8.1 million of lower planned sales in the Timber segment. Increased selling prices, primarily in response to higher year-over-year raw material costs, were partially offset by lower volumes for certain products, which reflected soft market conditions experienced by a number of our customers.

Operating profit was $191.9 million in 2005 compared with operating profit of $108.7 million in 2004. Restructuring charges were $35.7 million and $54.1 million and timberland gains were $56.3 million and $7.5 million during 2005 and 2004, respectively. Operating profit before the impact of restructuring charges and timberland gains increased 10 percent to $171.4 million in 2005 compared with $155.3 million in 2004. This increase was primarily attributable to the Industrial Packaging & Services segment ($10.9 million increase) and the Paper, Packaging & Services segment ($11.1 million increase), partially offset by a $5.9 million decline in the Timber segment due to lower planned sales for the year.

Segment Review

Industrial Packaging & Services

The Industrial Packaging & Services segment offers a comprehensive line of industrial packaging products, such as steel, fibre and plastic drums, intermediate bulk containers, closure systems for industrial packaging products and polycarbonate water bottles throughout the world. The key factors influencing improved profitability in 2005 compared to 2004 in the Industrial Packaging & Services segment were:

 

   

Higher selling prices;

 

   

Lower sales volumes for certain products;

 

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Benefits from the Greif Business System;

 

   

Higher raw material costs, especially steel and resin;

 

   

Lower restructuring charges; and

 

   

Impact of foreign currency translation.

In this segment, net sales rose 11 percent to $1.8 billion in 2005 from $1.6 billion in 2004. Net sales increased 9 percent excluding the impact of foreign currency translation. Net sales rose primarily as a result of higher selling prices in response to higher raw material costs during the year, especially steel and resin, compared to 2004. The improvement attributable to the higher selling prices was partially offset by slightly lower sales volumes for certain products, especially steel and fibre drums.

Operating profit was $91.4 million in 2005 compared with $67.0 million in 2004. Restructuring charges were $31.4 million in 2005 compared with $45.0 million a year ago. Operating profit before the impact of restructuring charges rose to $122.8 million in 2005 from $111.9 million in 2004. This increase was primarily due to improved net sales. However, the Industrial Packaging & Services segment’s gross profit margin declined to 16.3 percent in 2005 from 17.4 percent in 2004. This decline was due to higher raw material costs, which were partially offset by improved net sales coupled with labor and other manufacturing efficiencies resulting from the Greif Business System (see “Other Income Statement Changes—Restructuring Charges” below).

Paper, Packaging & Services

The Paper, Packaging & Services segment sells containerboard, corrugated sheets and other corrugated products and multiwall bags in North America. The key factors influencing improved profitability in 2005 compared to 2004 in the Paper, Packaging & Services segment were:

 

   

Higher selling prices;

 

   

Lower sales volumes for certain products;

 

   

Higher transportation and energy costs; and

 

   

Lower restructuring charges.

In this segment, net sales rose 7 percent to $607.8 million in 2005 from $568.1 million last year due to improved selling prices for this segment’s products, partially offset by lower sales volumes for certain products, especially corrugated sheets and containers.

Operating profit was $36.3 million in 2005 compared to $20.5 million in 2004. Restructuring charges were $4.3 million in 2005 versus $8.9 million a year ago. Operating profit before the impact of restructuring charges was $40.6 million in 2005 compared to $29.5 million in 2004. This increase was primarily due to improved net sales, partially offset by higher transportation and energy costs. The Paper, Packaging & Services segment’s gross profit margin increased to 15.3 percent in 2005 from 14.8 percent in 2004 due to improved net sales and labor efficiencies resulting from the Greif Business System (see “Other Income Statement Changes—Restructuring Charges” below).

Timber

As of October 31, 2005, the Timber segment owned approximately 250,000 acres of timber properties in southeastern United States, which are actively harvested and regenerated, and approximately 37,000 acres in Canada. The key factors influencing profitability in 2005 compared to 2004 in the Timber segment were:

 

   

Lower planned level of timber sales; and

 

   

Higher gain on sale of timberland.

 

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Timber net sales were $12.3 million in 2005 compared to $20.4 million in 2004. While timber sales are subject to fluctuations, we seek to maintain a consistent cutting schedule, within the limits of market and weather conditions.

Operating profit was $64.2 million in 2005 compared to $21.2 million in 2004. Restructuring charges were not significant for either year and timberland gains were $56.3 million in 2005 and $7.5 million in 2004. Operating profit before the impact of restructuring charges and timberland gains was $8.0 million in 2005 compared to $13.9 million in 2004. The decrease in operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges and timberland gains, was primarily a result of lower timber sales.

Other Income Statement Changes

Cost of Products Sold

Cost of products sold, as a percentage of net sales, increased to 83.9 percent in 2005 from 83.1 percent in 2004. Cost of products sold, as a percentage of net sales, primarily increased as a result of higher raw material costs, primarily steel and resin, that caused a 400 basis point increase over the prior year. Lower absorption of fixed costs and Timber segment sales, which have a lower cost than our other products, and higher energy costs also caused our cost of products sold, as a percentage of net sales, to increase. These negative factors to our cost of products sold were partially mitigated by improved selling prices and efficiencies in labor and other manufacturing costs related to the Greif Business System (see “Restructuring Charges” below).

SG&A Expenses

SG&A expenses were $224.7 million, or 9.3 percent of net sales, in 2005 compared to $218.8 million, or 9.9 percent of net sales, in 2004. SG&A expenses, as a percentage of net sales, declined primarily as a result of the Greif Business System and our continued focus on controllable costs. In 2005, professional fees related to compliance with §404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 were approximately $3.0 million over the 2004 fees.

Restructuring Charges

As part of the transformation to the Greif Business System, we closed four company-owned plants and a distribution center in the Industrial Packaging & Services segment during 2005. Two of the plants and a distribution center were located in North America and two were located in the United Kingdom. In addition, corporate and administrative staff reductions were made throughout the world. As a result of the transformation to the Greif Business System, during 2005, we recorded restructuring charges of $31.8 million, consisting of $15.7 million in employee separation costs, $2.5 million in asset impairments, $3.7 million in professional fees directly related to the transformation to the Greif Business System and $9.9 million in other costs which primarily represented moving and lease termination costs.

During 2005, we also recorded $3.9 million of restructuring charges related to the impairment of two facilities that were closed during previous restructuring programs. The asset impairment charges that relate to the write-down to fair value of building and equipment were based on recent purchase offers, market comparables and/or data obtained from our commercial real estate broker.

See Note 5 to the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for additional disclosures regarding our restructuring activities.

Gain on Sale of Timberland

The gain on sale of timberland increased $48.8 million to $56.3 million in 2005 as compared to $7.5 million in 2004. The increase in the gain on sale of timberland in 2005 compared to 2004 was primarily due to the significant May 2005 timberland transaction described below.

 

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In May 2005, we completed the first phase of the $90.0 million sale of 56,000 acres of timberland, timber and associated assets. In this first phase, 35,000 acres of our timberland holdings in Florida, Georgia and Alabama were sold for $51.0 million, resulting in a gain of $42.1 million in the third quarter of 2005.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net was $39.3 million and $45.3 million in 2005 and 2004, respectively. Lower average debt outstanding was partially offset by higher interest rates during 2005 compared to 2004.

Debt Extinguishment Charge

During the second quarter of 2005, we entered into a new revolving credit facility to improve pricing and financial flexibility. As a result, we recorded a $2.8 million debt extinguishment charge.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net, increased to $2.4 million in 2005 as compared to $0.3 million in 2004. The increase was primarily due to the recording of $1.1 million in net gains related to foreign currency translation in 2005 as compared to net losses of $1.5 million in 2004 and other infrequent non-operating items recorded in 2005.

Income Tax Expense

During 2005, the effective tax rate was 30.9 percent as compared to 24.5 percent in 2004 resulting primarily from a change in the mix of income inside and outside the United States.

Equity in Earnings of Affiliates and Minority Interests

Equity in earnings of affiliates and minority interests was a negative $0.5 million for 2005 as compared to $0.4 million for 2004. We have majority holdings in various companies, and the minority interests of other persons in the respective net income of these companies have been recorded as an expense. These expenses were partially offset by equity in earnings of Socer-Embalagens, Lda. (sold during the third quarter of 2004) and Balmer Lawrie—Van Leer.

Net Income

Based on the foregoing, net income increased $56.9 million to $104.7 million for 2005 from $47.8 million in 2004.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of liquidity are operating cash flows, the proceeds from our trade accounts receivable credit facility, proceeds from the sale of our European accounts receivable and borrowings under our revolving credit facility, further discussed below. We have used these sources to fund our working capital needs, capital expenditures, cash dividends, common stock repurchases and acquisitions. We anticipate continuing to fund these items in a like manner. We currently expect that operating cash flows, the proceeds from our trade accounts receivable credit facility, proceeds from the sale of our European accounts receivable and borrowings under our revolving credit facility will be sufficient to fund our currently anticipated working capital, capital expenditures, debt repayment, potential acquisitions of businesses and other liquidity needs for the foreseeable future.

Capital Expenditures and Business Acquisitions

During the three months ended January 31, 2007, we invested $34.3 million in capital expenditures, excluding timberland purchases of $0.4 million, compared with capital expenditures of $12.6 million, excluding

 

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timberland purchases of $35.5 million, during the same period of the prior year. During 2006, 2005 and 2004, we invested in capital expenditures $75.6 million (excluding $62.1 million for timberland properties), $67.8 million (excluding $17.5 million for timberland properties), and $50.2 million (excluding $12.6 million for timberland properties), respectively.

We expect capital expenditures, excluding timberland purchases, to be approximately $95 million in 2007, which would be approximately equal to our anticipated annual depreciation expense of approximately $95 million.

See “—Recent Acquisitions” for a description of the businesses acquired during the first quarter of 2007 and the fourth quarter of 2006.

Balance Sheet Changes

January 31, 2007 Compared to October 31, 2006

Cash and cash equivalents, along with short-term borrowings and long-term debt were all primarily impacted by the acquisition of Blagden and two small industrial packaging companies in the United States and one in North Africa (collectively, the “2007 Acquisitions”).

Our trade accounts receivable increased $44.7 million primarily due to the 2007 Acquisitions.

Inventories increased $54.5 million, with $32 million primarily due to the 2007 Acquisitions. Additionally, one of our subsidiaries had low inventory levels at October 31, 2006, which increased during the first quarter of 2007.

Goodwill increased $68.8 million primarily due to the 2007 Acquisitions.

Intangible assets increased a net $84.8 million primarily due to the 2007 Acquisitions. These assets, based on preliminary allocations of purchase price, were primarily related to trade name, customer relationship, and non-compete agreements.

Other long-term assets increased $71.7 million, with $29.7 million of this increase related to a loan to a former shareholder of Blagden and $14.7 million related to costs to be allocated in connection with the 2007 Acquisitions as purchase accounting is finalized.

Properties, plants and equipment increased $106.0 million primarily due to the 2007 Acquisitions.

October 31, 2006 Compared to October 31, 2005

The $64.7 million increase in cash and cash equivalents was primarily due to strong cash flows from operating activities, partially offset by acquisitions, capital expenditures, debt repayments and dividends paid.

The $57.0 million increase in trade accounts receivable was due to the increase in sales on a fourth quarter of 2006 versus fourth quarter of 2005 comparison, as well as the Delta acquisition.

The $34.5 million increase in inventories was primarily due to the Delta acquisition.

The $5.0 million decrease in net assets held for sale was related to the close of two plants.

Net property increased by $78.9 million, primarily due to the Delta acquisition and timberland purchases.

Goodwill increased $22.8 million and indefinite-lived intangibles increased $38.6 million. These increases are the result of industrial packaging acquisitions (see Note 2 to the notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus).

 

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The $67.1 million increase in accounts payable was comprised of $38.6 million due to the Delta acquisition and the timing of payments made to our suppliers.

The $26.9 million decrease in the pension liability was due to a reduction of the additional minimum liability adjustment.

Borrowing Arrangements

See “Description of Revolving Credit Facility and Certain Financing Arrangements” for a description of our existing revolving credit facility, as well as certain of our other financing arrangements.

Senior Subordinated Notes

We have issued Senior Subordinated Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $250.0 million, receiving net proceeds of approximately $248.0 million before expenses. During 2005, we purchased $2.0 million of the Senior Subordinated Notes. As of January 31, 2007 and October 31, 2006, the outstanding balances, which included losses on fair value hedges we had in place to hedge interest rate risk, were $242.8 million and $242.6 million, respectively, under the Senior Subordinated Notes. Interest on the Senior Subordinated Notes is payable semi-annually at the annual rate of 8.875 percent.

On February 9, 2007, we completed a tender offer for our Senior Subordinated Notes. In the tender offer, we purchased $245.6 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Subordinated Notes, which represented 99 percent of the outstanding notes. As a result of this transaction, a debt extinguishment charge of approximately $23.5 million ($14.5 million in cash and $9.0 million in non-cash items, such as the write-off of capitalized debt issuance costs) will be recorded in our second quarter of 2007.

The Indenture pursuant to which the Senior Subordinated Notes were issued contains certain covenants. At January 31, 2007, we were in compliance with these covenants. In connection with the completion of the tender offer for our Senior Subordinated Notes, we received the requisite consent and amended this Indenture to eliminate substantially all of the restrictive covenants and certain events of default contained in the Indenture.

Senior Notes

On February 9, 2007, we issued $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 6.75 percent Senior Notes due 2017. Proceeds from the issuance of the Senior Notes were principally used to fund the purchase of the Senior Subordinated Notes in the tender offer and general corporate purposes. The Senior Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 6.75 percent per annum, with interest payable on February 1 and August 1 of each year. The Senior Notes do not require any principal payments prior to their maturity on February 1, 2017. The Senior Notes are general unsecured obligations ranking senior to all existing and future subordinated indebtedness and equal with all existing and future senior indebtedness. The Senior Notes are not guaranteed by any of our subsidiaries and thereby are effectively subordinate to all of our subsidiaries’ existing and future indebtedness. The Indenture pursuant to which the Senior Notes were issued contains covenants which, among other things, limit our ability to create liens on our assets to secure debt and to enter into sale and leaseback transactions. These covenants are subject to a number of limitations and exceptions as set forth in the Indenture.

Other

In addition to the amounts borrowed against our revolving credit facility and proceeds from the Senior Subordinated Notes and Senior Notes and the trade accounts receivable credit facility, we had outstanding debt of $81.5 million and $33.0 million, comprised of $31.2 million and $3.7 million in long-tem debt and $50.3 million and $29.3 million in short-term borrowings, at January 31, 2007 and October 31, 2006, respectively.

 

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Contractual Obligations

As of January 31, 2007, we had the following contractual obligations (U.S. dollars in millions):

 

     Total    Payments Due By Period
       

Less

than 1
Year

   1-3
Years
  

3-5

Years

   After 5
Years

Long-term debt

   $ 966.6    $ 41.6    $ 577.0    $ 34.2    $ 313.8

Short-term borrowings

     51.6      51.6      —        —        —  

Non-cancelable operating leases

     35.7      9.3      15.6      7.2      36.6

Timber note securitized

     45.4      0.1      0.2      0.2      44.9
                                  

Total contractual cash obligations

   $ 1,099.3    $ 102.6    $ 592.8    $ 41.6    $ 362.3
                                  

Share Repurchase Program

Our Board of Directors has authorized us to purchase up to two million shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock or any combination of the foregoing. During the first three months of 2007, we repurchased no shares of Class A and Class B Common Stock. As of January 31, 2007, we had repurchased 1,075,564 shares, including 651,704 shares of Class A Common Stock and 423,860 shares of Class B Common Stock, under this program. The total cost of the shares repurchased from 1999 through January 31, 2007 was approximately $40.9 million.

Effects of Inflation

The effects of inflation did not have a material impact on our operations during 2006, 2005 or 2004, or during the three months ended January 31, 2007.

Recent Accounting Standards

In May 2005, the FASB issued SFAS No. 154, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections.” SFAS No. 154 replaces APB Opinion No. 20, “Accounting Changes”, and SFAS No. 3, “Reporting Accounting Changes in Interim Financial Statements.” It applies to all voluntary changes in accounting principle and requires that they be reported via retrospective application. It is effective for all accounting changes and corrections of errors made in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2005 (2007 for us). The adoption of this statement did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In June 2006, the FASB issued FIN No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes, to create a single model to address accounting for uncertainty in tax positions. FIN No. 48 clarifies the accounting for income taxes by prescribing a minimum recognition threshold a tax position is required to meet before being recognized in the financial statements. FIN 48 also provides guidance on derecognition, measurement, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. FIN 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006. We will adopt FIN 48 as of November 1, 2007, as required. The cumulative effect of adopting FIN No. 48 will be recorded in retained earnings and other accounts as applicable. We have not determined the effect, if any, the adoption of FIN No. 48 will have on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS No.157 is effective in fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 (2008 for us). The adoption of this statement is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 

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In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Pension and Other Postretirement Plans”. This Statement requires recognition of the funded status of a single-employer defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or liability in its statement of financial position. Funded status is determined as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation. Changes in that funded status should be recognized in other comprehensive income. This recognition provision and the related disclosures are effective as of the end of the fiscal year ending after December 15, 2006 (2007 for us). The Statement also requires the measurement of plan assets and benefit obligations as of the date of the fiscal year-end statement of financial position. This measurement provision is effective for years ending after December 15, 2008 (2009 for us). The effect of this pronouncement on our consolidated financial statements for 2007 is expected to be an increase in our liabilities of $34 million and a decrease in shareholder’s equity of $34 million.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

We are subject to interest rate risk related to our financial instruments that include borrowings under our revolving credit facility, proceeds from our senior subordinated notes and trade accounts receivable credit facility, and interest rate swap agreements. We do not enter into financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The interest rate swap agreements have been entered into to manage our exposure to variability in interest rates and changes in the fair value of fixed rate debt.

We had interest rate swap agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $130.0 million at January 31, 2007 and October 31, 2006, respectively, with various maturities through 2012. The interest rate swap agreements are used to fix a portion of the interest on our variable rate debt. Under certain of these agreements, we receive interest either monthly or quarterly from the counterparties equal to London InterBank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) and pay interest at a fixed rate over the life of the contracts. As of October 31, 2005, we were also party to agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $150.0 million in which we received interest semi-annually from the counterparties equal to a fixed rate and paid interest based on LIBOR plus a margin; these agreements were terminated during the first quarter of 2006. In conjunction with this termination, we paid $4.8 million to the counterparties, which will be amortized over the remaining term of the senior subordinated notes. A liability for the loss on outstanding interest rate swap contracts, which represented their fair values, in the amount of $0.4 million and $1.0 million was recorded at January 31, 2007 and October 31, 2006, respectively. We also had cross-currency interest rate swaps outstanding at January 31, 2007 as described in the Foreign Currency Risk section below.

The tables below provide information about our derivative financial instruments and other financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. For the revolving credit facility, senior subordinated notes and trade accounts receivable credit facility, the tables present scheduled amortizations of principal and the weighted average interest rate by contractual maturity dates at October 31, 2006 and 2005. For interest rate swaps, the tables present annual amortizations of notional amounts and weighted average interest rates by contractual maturity dates. Under the cash flow swap agreements, we receive interest either monthly or quarterly from the counterparties and pay interest either monthly or quarterly to the counterparties. Under the fair value swap agreements, we received interest semi-annually from the counterparties and paid interest semi-annually to the counterparties.

The fair values of the revolving credit facility, senior subordinated notes and trade accounts receivable credit facility are based on rates available to us for debt of the same remaining maturity at January 31, 2007 and October 31, 2006. The fair value of the interest rate swap agreements has been determined based upon the market settlement prices of comparable contracts at January 31, 2007 and October 31, 2006.

 

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Financial Instruments

As of January 31, 2007

(Dollars in millions)

 

    Expected Maturity Date     Total    

Fair

Value

 
    2007     2008     2009     2010     2011    

After

2011

     

Revolving credit facility:

               

Scheduled amortizations

  $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 358     $ —       $ —       $ 358     $ 358  

Average interest rate(1)

    5.11 %     5.11 %     5.11 %     5.11 %     —         —         5.11 %  

Senior subordinated notes:

               

Scheduled amortizations

  $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ —       $ 248     $ 248     $ 258  

Average interest rate

    8.88 %     8.88 %     8.88 %     8.88 %     8.88 %